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PRINCIPLES OF VEGETATION, E 



pushed forward, separate the root from the parent t'^. We thus obtam a 

 new individuah 

 279. Cirde-grafti7ii^.~These grafts are composed of on^or many eyes or 

 buds, carried by a ring of bark including the Hber. 

 They are applied generally to the multiplication of 

 certain large trees ; as the walnut, chestnut, oak, and 

 mulberry. Towards the decline of autumn, as the sap 

 returns to the roots, choose a mild day, free from rain. 

 From the tree to be operated on, select a branch of the 

 same size as the scion, having well-formed eyes. Upon 

 this branch raise a ring of bark, a, without detaching 

 the branch from the tree, making two circular incisions 

 all round it, and making another vertical incision after- 

 wards on one of its sides, and remove it gently. 



2S0. Detach from the intended stock another ring of 

 bark of the same size, and place 

 the ring of the graft in its place at 

 I b, and the ring of the stock on the 

 place whence 

 the scion was 

 taken ; bind up 

 and cover the 

 joinings with 

 graft jng-joaste. 

 In the follow- 

 ing spring, if 

 the graft has 

 taken, cut the 

 head of the 

 stock imme- 

 diately above 

 the rings, which will favour the development of the buds which they carry. 



281. Another application of this mode is practised. 

 When the spring sap is about to rise, cut the 

 head from the tree to be operated on, and remove a 

 ring b from the top a. Choose a tree of exactly the 

 same size, on which the oiieration is to be performed ; 

 detach from it a ring furnished with two or three eyes, 

 as &, and of the same length. Adjust this cylinder in 

 the place of the ring detached, making it coincide 

 exactly at its base with the old bark, and cover the 

 whole with grafting-paste. Of all these grafts this is 

 the most solid, and least subject to be disturbed by the 

 wind ; but even this requires protection, so that it is not 

 ehaken in its place till complete suture has taken f)lace. 



