164 GARDEN MANAGEMENT. 



and violets. Tlie winter aconite, Helleborus hyemalis and niger, Arabis verna, 

 Alyssum saxatile, all the saxifrages, sedums, the campanulas, early-flowering 

 phloxes, adonis, orobus, and other similar plants, should also be found here. 

 All these, and any other plants of similar habit, may be moved into the 

 flower-garden after the bedding-plants are cleared off in October or November, 

 and taken back to the reserve garden in April or May, to make room for the 

 more permanent flowering plants. Most of them are propagated by division 

 of the root ; and at the time they are transferred back to their summer quar- 

 ters in the reserve garden will be the best period thus to increase the stock. 

 When they are severally subdivided, it may be necessaiy to shade them for a 

 time, as the profusion and perfection of next year s blossoms are dependent 

 upon the healthy growth of their summer leaves. In no case, however, should 

 shading be resorted to if the plants will bear full exposure to light and air 

 without it ; as direct sunhght is the great agent in elaborating the sap and 

 inducing the production of flowers. The roots of some of the species, of 

 which the Eussian violet may be accepted as a representative, should be 

 divided and young plants formed annually. Others, of which the Alyssum 

 saxatile is a type, flower better, and are much more effective as large 

 plants or patches. 



383. The reserve garden is also the proper place for sowing hardy annuals in 

 the autumn, for embellishing the flower-garden in the spring. They should 

 be sown thinly broadcast in beds, in September or October, and the oftener 

 they are pricked out or transplanted the better. The checks incident to such, 

 operations insure profusion of bloom and hardiness of constitution. 



384. In rapid-growing plants the sap is not only more abundant, but more 

 watery, or thinner, than in those of slower growth. The aflSnity of frost for 

 water especially exposes plants in this state to the full force of its blighting 

 power. The thicker or more highly elaborated the sap, not only the .more 

 profuse the bloom, but the greater the power of the plant to resist cold. 

 Hence the safety of broccoli that has been heeled over, and of stocks that have 

 been transplanted, when cither, left to grow freely, are killed by the frost ; 

 and hence, too, the benefit of transplanting annuals that are intended to 

 withstand the severity of the weather. 



385. The following are among the best for this purpose : — Calliopsis 

 Drummondii, C. tinctoria, Clarkia pulchella, C. p. alba, Collinsia bicolor and 

 grandiflora, delphinums or larkspurs of sorts, Bartonia aurea, Er3-simum 

 Perovskianum, Eschscholtzia californica, Gilia cajiitata and tricolor, all the 

 annual varieties of iberis or candytufts, Leptosiphon androsaceus and den- 

 siflorus, white and pink Virginian stocks, Limnanthes Douglasii, and all the 

 varieties of Neomphila, Schizanthus humilis, porrigens, and Priestii, and 

 Viscaria oculata, will also stand through ordinary winters, and be useful in 

 furnishing the flower-garden in spring or early summer. 



386. Many of the spring-sown hardy annuals would also be raised here, 

 although in most gardens where they are extensively grown, the majority of 

 them are sown either in patches or lines, where they are int ended to flower. 



