^06 



GARDEN MANAGEMENT. 



in fig. 14. In the autumn or winter pruning of the following year, the two side- 

 branches are trained horizontally, as in fig. 15, and pruned back to about two- 

 thirds of their length, with a bud immediately below the cut. 

 The stem itself is pruned back to about 18 inches above the 

 side-branches, taking care that there are three buds im- 

 mediately below the cut, — one on each side, well placed, and 

 a third in front to continue the stem. With the fall of the 

 leaf in the following year the tree will be as represented i 

 fig. 16, with two horizontal 

 shoots, a central stem, and 

 two other untrained side- 

 shoots. When the pruning 

 season arrives, the same pro- 

 cess of cutting back takes •9' ^^' 

 place, each of the new side-shoots being cut back to two-thirds of its length, 

 -the two lower branches to two-thirds of the year's growth, and the stem to 



within 18 inches of the second 

 pair of laterals, leaving three well- 

 placed buds immediately below, as 

 before, to continue a third pair of 

 side-branches and the stem. With 



Fig. 14, 



Fig. 16. Fig. 17. 



the fifth year's growth the lower side-branches will have attained as much 



horizontal extension on the wall or espalier as it is intended to give them. 



Having, therefore, nailed or tied them to the trellis, give the end of the shoot 



a gentle curve upwards. 



fc, 523,^^ Continuing this annual process of cutting back after each year's 



gi'owth, in some eleven 

 years from the graft 

 the tree will have co- 

 vered a wall 12 or 14 

 feet high and 6 feet on 

 each side of the stem ; 

 each side-shoot, when 

 it is within 18 inches 

 of the one immediately 

 below it, receiving an 

 upward direction, until 

 the tree is as here 

 Fi^, 18. shown. The stem, as 



