WARMINa AND VENTILATINO. 261 



fiimple, thoroughly effective, never get foul, and very durable ; the prices 

 being, for 2-inch pipes, 16s. 6d. ; for 3-inch pipes, £1. I5. ; and for 4-inch 

 pipes, £1. 5s. 



706. The system of heating houses by hot-water pipes was long objected 

 to, as most improvements are. Probably the ineflficiency of heating power, at 

 first, was at the bottom of most of these objections ; but the same objections 

 have never been raised to the various modifications of it applied to heating 

 tanks and gutters. These inventions supplied the gardener with many of the 

 fertilizing results he had been in the habit of obtaining from the old dung- 

 beds : he could obtain moisture, and, by mixing manure in his tank, he could 

 obtain much of the old ammoniacal essence along with it. He was also enabled 

 to obtain greater uniformity of temperature, for the mass of water contained 

 in the tank was more easily retained at a regulated temperature than could 

 be done in the pipes alone. Mr. Kendle, of Plymouth, has perhaps don© 

 more to introduce this system of heating than any other person. 



707. Mr. Rendle recommends tanks of yellow deal, and eight or nine inches 

 deep, for the purpose. They should be made thoroughly well-jointed, as the 

 brewers' backs are made with 2-inch deal, and made water-tight by red 

 lead, or lining with lead, and placed upon piers, at the required height; 

 over the tank placing closely-fitted covering of slate. Through the tank, 

 either by means of elbow-joints, or by perforations in the tank, to be 

 sealed up again by cement, the flow and return-pipe should pass with 

 a suflBcient coil of pipes to secure the degree of heat to the water 

 which is required. The supply of water, of course, must be regulated 

 by a ball-cock, and the usual measures taken to prevent damage by over- 

 flow, by the use of a waste-pipe. Such a tank, coated with lead, would, of 

 course, be more enduring, but not more efficient for the time. It will be 

 obvious that the tank would only perform half the duty we have assigned it, if 

 it did not, by some contrivance, give out some of its heat and moisture to heat 

 the atmosphere of the house, and dispense the necessary vapour and moisture ; 

 but it may also be necessary to have a coil of pipes available for this pui-pose, 

 independent of the tank, with a stop-cock attached, to turn the hot water on or 

 off at pleasure. Perhaps the most efficient range of tanks are those fitted up 

 by Mr. Rendle for Messrs. Veitch & Son, of Exeter, the description of which 

 we quote from the Gardener's Chronicle, as supplied by Mr. Veitch, jun. : — 

 *' This tank," he says, " is formed of brick arches, worked in cement, with 

 brick sides ; the whole well coated with cement. The top is of slate, cemented 

 down ; the sides of the beds are of brick-work. The material used for 

 plunging is a clear sharp sand, which we find retains the heat for a consi- 

 derable time. In one part of the bed we have put soil, in which the cuttings 

 planted out have rooted most rapidly. The heated water is regulated by 

 means of a division at the end of each house, through apertures in which 

 communication is preserved by a short piece of 4-inch pipe, having plugs 

 fitted into them. By this simple means one end, or the half of one end only, 

 may be heated, or each bed may be regulated to a different degree of heat." 



