MONTHLY CALENDAB. 313 



bedded out ; such as scarlet geraniums, fuchsias, calceolarias, petunias, 

 verbenas, and phloxes ; and, above all, perpetual and autumnal roses, which 

 can be used for this massing system of culture, for they are no longer summer 

 flowers, but bloom most luxuriantly from June to November, and, when properly 

 cultivated, must always be the most attractive flowers of the garden. 



855. i2osc5.— Having selected the sorts of roses suited for the purpose, 

 and of one or two seasons' growth from budding, and having cut off" with a 

 shai-p knife all damaged root-fibres, we proceed to plant. Grood ordinary 

 garden soil will produce the rose large enough for ordinary purposes ; 

 but to grow it in perfection, a hole in the ground should be opened 

 two feet square and a foot deep. This station should be filled with a com- 

 post consisting of two good-sized spadefuls of thoroughly rotted dung for each 

 plant, mixing it well with the soil. Upon the soil thus prepared the standard 

 rose is placed, the collar just above the level of the surface, and the fibres 

 carefully spread out over the soil. Fill in the remaining soil and replace 

 the turf, treading it gently until it forms a small mound, out of the centre of 

 which the tree rises. A stake is now driven into the ground, near enough to 

 support the stem, which is tied to it. 



856. The season for planting may be any time from the fall of the leaf till 

 the buds again begin to swell, in Api-il or the beginning of May. After that 

 there is danger of the tree dying off. 



857. In pi-uning newly-planted roses, the object is to balance the head to 

 the vital powers of the fibrous root, which has not yet thrown out its 

 spongioles, and to give a graceful form to the intended head. If there be 

 only one shoot from the bud, cut it down to two eyes ; if there be a regular 

 head formed, cut away every shoot down to the lowest eye that points outward 

 or downward, and cut away all weak shoots or thin ones that come in the way 

 of a better, back to their base, leaving only such as are required to form the 

 head of the tree. "When the buds begin to break, rub off all that grow 

 inwards, — all that would cross other branches, — all that are coming weakly, 

 and all that would crowd the head and destroy its cup-like form. 



858. As the growth proceeds, examine every bud, every curled leaf and 

 shoot for insect larvae ; for maggots, if not detected at once, soon destroy the 

 vitality of the flower-bud. Do this daily, syringing, also, with a fine rose 

 syringe, very forcibly applied, which may destroy the green-fly, the thrip, 

 and other enemies. If they get estabUshed, nothing but hand-picking, washing 

 •with tobacco-juice, or smoking with tobacco, will get rid of them. Keferring 

 to Mr. Fish's paper at page 308, the reader will find an ample list to select from. 



859. On the subject of borders, Mr. Cox, of Redleaf, oflers some most 

 ■excellent and seasonable remarks, in a paper furnished to the Gardeners' 

 Magazine of Botany. "Minute attention to details, which, taken by themselves, 

 seem trifling, constitutes the perfection of gardening as a whole," he tells us ; 

 and, however comprehensive the general effects, they are only produced by 

 attention to detail. In carrying out these details, he warmly recommends a 

 bed of Viola arhorea, one of which, nine inches by three, before him, as he 



