392 cahden management. 



They should be selected for their close and evergreen habit of growth, and tho 

 habit increased by high dressing, judicious pruning, and pegging down. This 

 compact habit of growth, however, can only be maintained in their beauty for 

 a number of years by planting the shrubs so far apart that they may not 

 touch, every one having free liberty to show and preserve its individual habit, 

 no two shrubs being suffered to touch each other ; the ground between being 

 kept clear by frequent raking and hoeing. There are some happy exceptions 

 to this rule of planting. The rhododendron does well planted in masses, and 

 where the shoots are pegged down, they soon present a broad mass of green on 

 the margin of the clump or shrubbery, when the turf can be carried up to its 

 lowest branches. Behind these dense shrubby evergreens, the taller thorns, 

 Turkey oak, the sorbuses, and other trees of moderate height, of the fancy 

 arboretum varieties, might be planted at intervals for shade and breadth 

 of effect. 



1 146. Shrubberies on the verge of the lawn would naturally be planted with 

 the best small flowering shrubs on the margin, either in masses or singly : if 

 in masses, the shrubs should be pegged down, so as to present a continuous 

 mass of vegetation along the whole margin, relieved as before with a back- 

 ground of ornamental trees ; leafy masses of rhododendrons, squatting down 

 to the margin of the turf by pegging, form an admirable connecting link 

 between the grassy sward and the indi^^dual shrub and dwarf trees behind 

 them. Where the shrubbery is planted for individual effect, those of an 

 enduring growth and elegant habit should be chiefly used. Where there is space 

 for such display, the lawn adjoining the shrubberies may be advantageously 

 dotted with single evergreens, and some of the more ek-gant-flowering 

 deciduous shrubs. An occasional hemlock-spruce, with its weeping plumes ; 

 a holly whose lower boughs, still fresh, sweep the turf on which it is planted ; 

 or the graceful Cedrus Deodar, or Araucaria, in order to break the outline and 

 relieve the meagreness arising from the single mode of planting the deciduous 

 shrubs. Another mode of relieving the nakedness of newly-planted shrub- 

 beries is the introduction of hardy flowering plants : this maybe adopted with 

 excellent effect until the lower branches have made sufficient growth to admit 

 of the surface being turfed up to meet them. 



ii.<7. In planting or renovating the lawn and shrubberies, due attention 

 should be paid to their different seasonal effects. There are a few which herald 

 in the spring ; such as Chimonanthus fragrans and Comus mascula. The 

 Mezereon, Kibes sanguineum, Corchorus japonicus. In conjunction with 

 -these, the strongly-characterized Cryptomeria japonica, Abies canadensis, 

 .some trees of the Sumach family, deciduous cypresses, purple beech, and 

 ■weeping laburnums, might be planted with effect. There are so many noble 

 trees which present rich gradations of tint in autumn, that it is almost need- 

 less to name them. The old Virginian creeper is more beautiful in its 

 autumn costume than in its vernal hues. The scarlet and other American 

 oaks, the wild cherry, Kolreuteria paniculata, and many others, have a 

 «plendid effect either by themselves or the skirts of the shrubbery; and 



