STANDARD, PILLAR, AND WEEPING ROSES. 645 



beauty. To make them grow with the necessary luxuriance, "each plant," 

 says Mr. Rivers, "should have a station at least two feet in diameter to 

 itself. In the centre of this space a stout stake of yellow pine, tarred at the 

 bottom, should be driven two feet into the soil, and stand eight feet above the 

 surface ; the upper part painted green. If the soil be poor, it should be dug 

 out three feet in depth, and filled up with rotten manure and loam, laying 

 this compost about a foot above the surrounding surface to allow for settling. 

 In wet soils they will grow the better for being on a permanent mound ; but 

 such soils should be well drained. In the centre of this mound plant a single 

 rose, or, if a variegated pillar is desired, place three plants in the same hole, — 

 a white, a pale-coloured, and dark variety. Having replaced the soil, cover 

 the surface with manure, keeping the manure replenished, as it is drawn in 

 by worms or washed in by rain. Water with liquid manure in dry weather, and 

 there will be shoots, probably eight or ten feet in length, the first season. 

 Three of the most vigorous should be fastened to the stake, and the spurs from 

 them will, for many years, give abundance of flowers. " I scarcely know," says 

 Mr. Rivers, " whether to recommend grafted roses on short stems for pillars, 

 or plants on their own roots. This will depend in a great measure upon the 

 soil, and perhaps it will be as well to try both. Most roses acquire additional 

 vigour by being worked on the dog-rose ; but some of the robust kinds grow 

 with equal luxuriance when on their own roots : finally, for dry and sandy 

 soils, I am inclined to recommend the latter, unless plants can be procured 

 budded on the Manetti stocks, which, of all others, is the best adapted for 

 dry soils." Of these roses, Brennus is a superb pillar-rose, its long flexible 

 shoots adapting it for training up a column, or as a drooping standard rose. 

 Roses of this character, throwing out long vigorous shoots of eight or ten feet 

 in a season, require little shortening in the winter pruning : when cut in, it 

 produces abundance of wood the following season, and few flowers. If only 

 tied up to a wire, or trained on a pillar, it will be full of bloom. Blairii is ot 

 similar habit ; Chgnedole and General Jacqueminot, and Triomphe de Bayeux, 

 the only white Chinese hybrid, are all vigorous growers, and well adapted 

 for a large standard or pillar-rose, the only drawback being their fleeting 

 bloom. 



2012. "The strong-growing hybrid climber, Blairii No. 2, is of similar 

 habit, — ought to be pruned towards the end of July, and at no other time," 

 says Mr. Beaton, " that is, just as they go out of bloom. The sort of pruning 

 to be given, is to cut out all the strongest shoots close to the stem till the 

 plant is thin enough and properly balanced, leaving the remaining shoots at 

 their full length." 



2013. When one of these roses has, through bad management, beoome 

 bare of foliage, and, consequently of bloom, in its lower parts, it is restored 

 to a healthy state by pruning back all the weak shoots at the bottom to 

 one or two eyes, in October, before the leaves have turned. In February prune 

 back all the secondary shoots, some to four, soiue to six inches. About 

 the middle of April, cut ofi" every leaf in the head dowQ to w he ic the eyes 



