CULTIVATION OP ROSES IN POTS. 651 



using more of the mixed material in its place. The great use of this rough 

 potting during the following season of growth will be appai-ent, allowing, as 

 it does, water, whether soft or liquid manure, to pass freely through, and 

 admitting the air to act upon the roots. 



•2029. In Sei^tember the plants ought to be properly trained, — those intended 

 for climbers, such as the Hybrid Chinas, Hybrid Bourbons, and strong- 

 growing Noisettes, round neat stakes three to four feet high. If these have 

 been thinned during the previous summer, they will now require little or no 

 pruning, but merely to have their branches tied neatly and regularly round, 

 shortening the extreme points. Any very strong-growing perpetual or other 

 summer roses may be trained in a pyramidal form by placing stakes round the 

 side of the pots, from two to two and a half feet high, and making them meet 

 at top, passing a hoop round them at about a foot and a half from the pot, Tho 

 branches must be tied down to the rim of the pot, and round the stakes up tc 

 the summit, bearing in mind to keep the branches well down, as there will be 

 no difficulty in filling up the top tho following spring. These, like the others, 

 do not require much pruning ; — thinning out where crowded, shortening 

 where too long, and regulating the branches, will be enough. This apiDlies 

 also to the less robust hybrid perpetuals, Bourbons, Chinas, Teas, &c, Tho 

 plants being all young, the wood thinned out and stopped when necessary 

 during the previous summer, they only require to be properly trained, with a 

 little shortening. 



2030. The plants will now require to be placed in their winter habitation ; 

 and nothing is better than a cold j^it facing the south, the lights being at a 

 very acute angle, in order to catch every ray of light and sun. Let the plants 

 be placed upon inverted pots as close to the glass as possible, keeping the 

 delicate varieties, as the Teas, Chinas, &c., at one end by themselves. Leave 

 the lights off night and day during the autumn, except in case of rains, from 

 which they must be carefully protected. Dui-ing the winter the lights must bo' 

 off all day in settled weather, and tilted up by night, shutting close only in 

 case of very severe frosts and wet ; — slight frosts are not injurious. Through 

 the winter they require little or no water, and it should be given only when the 

 mould is very dry. The great objects of tho winter treatment arc to pro- 

 tect the plants from rain, to give very little water, and to allow them 

 plenty of air. 



2031. About the end of February many of the perpetuals. Bourbons, 

 Chinas, Teas, &c., will commence growing, and the slight protection which 

 they have will facilitate this. About this time they should receive a sur- 

 facing of rotten cow-dung, from one and a half to two inches in depth ; taking- 

 out a portion of the mould to make room for it, particularly by the rim of the 

 pot. If it is desired to have a portion of the plants in bloom early, the end 

 of February is an excellent time to remove them into a warm greenhouse : a 

 span-roof house is the best. But, to return to the plants in the pits : as 

 they progress in growth, they must be frequently looked over, tying the 

 lowest branches of all down to tho rim of the pot ; and the other l^ranches of 



