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Commission 1992). However, several decades elapsed before technical rearing 

 practices allowed hatcheries to significantly contribute to the catch 

 (Deschamps, quoted in GHRPC 1992). The principal remedy for logging abuses 

 was thought to be hatcheries, primarily to produce coho fry for stocking 

 upstream of reaches formerly blocked by splash dams; however, no scientific 

 evaluation of these early activities was reported (Wendler and Deschamps 

 1955a) . 



In the late 1930s it became known that fish released as fry generally survived 

 poorly to adult compared to larger fish that were ready to migrate to sea. 

 This led to closure of all fry stations and construction of hatcheries capable 

 of rearing fish to smolt size (Wendler and Deschamps 1955b). 



In 1936, the WOG opened the Aberdeen Fish Hatchery on Lake Aberdeen (John 

 Kugen, WDW, pers consn. ) . This was the first local hatchery capable of rearing 

 fish to smolt size, resulting in much higher survival than had been possible 

 bafore. This was followed for salmon in 1949, with the opening of Simpson 

 Salmon Hatchery on the East Fork Satsop River (WDF, unpublished records). 



In the 1960b, the Oregon Moist Pellet was introduced, apparently resulting in 

 increased fish survival in hatcheries, which led to further hatchery expansion 

 and higher adult contribution to the catch (Deschamps, quoted in GHRPC 1992). 



The Satsop Springs facility, several miles downstream of Simpson Hatchery, was 



opened in 1963 as a chum eyed egg channel. In 1977, Satsop Springs was 



expanded and became operational as a major salmon rearing station in the early 

 1980s (Dick Stone, WDF, pers. coram.). 



WDW began developing more local steelhead brood stocks in 1971 (Kugen, WDW, 

 pers. comm. ) . The USACE built a barrier dam and fish trap at Wynoochee River 

 RM 47.8, to collect adult salmon and trout and truck them upstream of 

 Wynoochee Dam. WDW used the dam to capture local brood, taking steelhead to 

 the Aberdeen Hatchery and allowing the surplus to be trucked upstream. In 

 1979, WDW broadened the base of local brood Btocke by constructing a trap on 

 Van Winkle Creek (Kugen, WDW, pers. coram.). 



In 1975, the expansion of hatchery salmon influence continued as WDF opened 

 the Humptulips Hatchery (WDF, unpublished records). This watershed formerly 

 depended primarily on wild runs, although there had been an egg-taking station 

 in the first half of the century and the system received extensive plantings 

 of hatchery stock* prior to the hatchery opening. 



In the same year, WDW began transporting steelhead smolts reared at Aberdeen 

 to the Mayr Brothers Pond on the Wishkah for conditioning before release (Paul 

 Huffman, Quinault Nation, pers. comm.). This pond has become a major 

 cooperative rearing project among Long Live the Kings, WDF, WDW, and QfiD. 



In 1977, WDF reported underseeding of natural coho habitat in the upper 

 Chehalis, based on smolt trapping studies and estimates of available habitat 

 (Brix and Seiler 1977, 1978). These studies led to extensive coho fry 

 stocking, primarily from the Simpson Hatchery, to fully utilize upper Chehalis 

 habitat (WDF, unpublished records). 



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