101 



Chinook and coho rearing ponds were added to the Satsop Springs facility in 

 1979 (Stone, WDF, pers. comm.). 



In the early 1980s, Chehalis Basin production capacity was further increased 

 when the WDF Skookumchuck Ponds opened below the Skookumchuck Dam (Stone, WDF, 

 pers. comm.). However, these ponds were not constructed to mitigate for the 

 dam, nor to provide fish for any specific area (Bruya 1990). Consequently, 

 several years later, all coho from the Skookumchuck Ponds were released into 

 southern Puget Sound via netpens, because smolts released there survived to 

 adulthood much better than smolts released into the upper Chehalis (Stone, 

 WDF, pers. comm.). 



In 1988, the USACE supported Aberdeen Hatchery expansion to mitigate for 

 nearly all annual losses of steelhead and cutthroat trout due to construction 

 of the Wynoochee Dam. As a result, hatching space was approximately doubled 

 to its present capacity of 1.65 million eggs (Kugen, WDW, pers. Comm.). 



In 1991, WDF and WDW began making joint use of the Loomis Pond9 and Humptulips 

 Hatchery for both salmon and steelhead production (Paul Huffman, Quinault 

 Indian Nation, pers. comm.). 



HATCHERY STOCKS 



Most hatchery stocks originated from local stocks then shifted to outside 

 strains, but over the years there has been a move to develop 100 percent 

 local, perhaps wild or native brood sources. The sustainability of hatchery 

 production has recently been questioned by research in fish genetics (Miller 

 1990, Hindar et al. 1991, Johnsson and Abrahams 1991), behavior (Solazzi et 

 al. 1990), and disease (Steward and Bjornn 1990). There has also recently 

 been a shift to restricting hatchery stocks to within-basin transfers only 

 (Bob Paulsen, WDW, pers. comm.) or even within sub-basins (Stone, WDF, pers. 

 comm. ) . Most Chehalis Basin wild salmon and steelhead populations have had 

 extensive outside influence, although few introductions have occurred within 

 the last ten years (Stone, WDF, pers. comm.). The variety of stocks and 

 facilities ia listed below. 



AVAILABLE BROOD STOCKS 



Sprint Chinook 



Chehalis wild 

 Fall Chinook 



Upper Chehalis wild 



Sauop hatchery 



Wiihkah wUd 



Huoipoiiipi wild 

 Coho 



Simpson hatchery 



Bingham Creek wild 



44 



