A R D 



A R B 



Jinic, which must be constantly cut over every 

 summer. The fonns of the evergreen as well as 

 deciduous kinds are mostly either square, hexa- 

 gonal, octaeonal or round, and their dimensions 

 generally trom ten to tilteen teet in width and 

 Height ; the tops being mostly either pavilion-, 

 turret-, or dome-shaped, and sometimes termi- 

 nated by a globe, pyramid, or other figure, 

 formed of the extreme branches. Covered ar- 

 bours or bowers may be formed ven,* quickly, 

 even in one season, by several sorts of shrubby 

 herbaceous climbing plants ; some of which are 

 capable of advancing fifteen or twenty feet in 

 one season. They should, if possible, be 

 erected upon a somewhat rising ground, for the 

 greater advantage of free air and prosjicct. 

 Thev are also cap.ihle of being formed in the 

 heads of large single trees, particularly elms, 

 where the trunks have divided at the height of 

 ten or twelve feet, into several lesser spreadinc 

 stems, so as to admit of constructing a small 

 platform between them, cutting down the large 

 boughs, and training the pliable branches arch- 

 ways over lattice-work till those on each side 

 meet; then clipping the sides annually : the 

 tops in this case may either be cut, or permitted 

 to grow up, or the w hole suffered to advance in 

 a riatural growth. They may likewise be made 

 on the ground in another manner; as by plant- 

 ing some of the tallesi-grow iiig flow cring shrubs 

 round tlK" inside to form the dimensions, then on 

 the outside of these others of somew hat lesser 

 grow th ; continuing them in this way for three 

 or four ranges, diminishing gradually in stature 

 from the arbour outwardlv, and pern)itting the 

 whole to take their natural growth ; so that at 

 a distance they may .issunio the ajipcarance of 

 common shrubbery clumps. Their bottoms, 

 when on the ground, should be well gravelled, 

 and neat garden-stools or chairs placed in them 

 during the summer season. 



ARBUTUS, a genus containing plants of the 

 evergreen, shrubby and ornamental kind. The 

 Straw berr)- Tree. 



It belongs to the class and order DecanJria 

 Monogynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Bicoriies. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a five- 

 parted, obtuse, very small permanent perian- 

 thium : the corolla is monopetalous, ovate, and 

 flattish at the base, diaphanous, wiiha quinquefid 

 mouth : the divisions obtuse, revolute and small : 

 the stamina consist of ten subulate swelling 

 filaments, very slender at the base, affixed to 

 the edge of the base of the corolla, and half the 

 length of it : the antherae slightly bifid and nod- 

 ding : the pistillum is a subglobular germ, on a 

 receptacle marked with ten dots : the style cy- 



lindric, the length of the corolla: the stigma 

 thiekish and obtuse : the pericarpiuni a roundish 

 five-celled berry : the seeds small and bony. 



The species of most importance are : 1 . ^. 

 Unt'do, Common Arbutus, or Strawberrv Tree ; 

 2. A. Amlrachne, Oriental Strawherr)' Tree ; 3. 

 A. Uva Ursi, Trailing Arbutus, or Bcarberry. 



The first species. Common Arbuius or Straw- 

 berr)' Tree, rises to the height of twenty or 

 thirty feel in its native situation, but rarely with 

 an upright stem. But with us it is of much 

 humbler growth. It usually puts out branches 

 very near the ground. The leaves keep on all 

 the w inter, ancl are thrust off in the spring by 

 new ones, so that it is always clothed with 

 leaves. The berries have many seeds in them, 

 and are roughened w ith the tubercles of the seeds. 



There are several varieiies; ns with large oval 

 fruit, with round fruit, with double flowers, 

 with scarlet flowers ; there are als) the curled- 

 leaved or cut-leaved, the broad-leavtd, and the 

 narrow-leaved. 



The second species much resembles the first, 

 but the bark is not rough ; some of the leaves 

 have no serratures, and the panicle is upright 

 and viscid, which in that ir< smooth. It grows 

 in its native state to a middle-sized tree, with 

 irregular branches. The leaves are smooth, 

 large, and somewhat like those of the Bay Tree, 

 bufnot quite so long : the tluwers are like those 

 of the Common Arbutus, but growing thinly on 

 the branches : the fruit oval, of the same colour 

 and consistence w ith the common sort ; but the 

 seeds of this are flat, while in that they art 

 pointed and angular. It grows naturally in the 

 East. 



In the third species the branches trail upon 

 the ground tw o or three feet round the root or 

 more. The leaves are alternate, bluntly oval or 

 oblong wedge-shaped, w ith a net-work of veins 

 underneath," and corresponding w rinkles above, 

 fimt and evergreen like those of Box : the 

 flowers grow at the extremities of the branches 

 in small clusters, each supported by a short red 

 foot-stalk : they are of an oval-conical figure, 

 flesh-coloured, or while with a red mouth, and 

 divided into five obtuse, reflex segments at the 

 rim : the berries are round with a depressed um- 

 bilicus, smooth and glossy, red when ripe, and 

 of the size of a holly-berry, replete with an 

 austere mealy pulp, in w hich are five cells con- 

 taining five angular seeds. It is a shrub very 

 aljundant in many parts of the continent, as 

 Sweden, &c. 



CuUiire. — The most usual method of raising 

 these beautiful evergreens is by sowing the 

 seeds ; but they arc sometimes capable of ueing- 

 raised by cuttings and layers. 



