A R N 



A R () 



calyx unchangcil : the seeds solitary and oblong : 

 down simple ; in tlie hermaphrodites pubescent 

 and long : the receptacle naked. 



The species are minierous ; but those cultiva- 

 ted are ciiiefly yi. vwnta/ia. Mountain Arnica ; 

 2. ^4. scorpioiJes, Alternate-leaved Arnica; 3. 

 y1. crocea, SaflVon-flowered Arnica. 



The lirst has the root woodv, blackish, su- 

 perlicial, appearing as it' cut oft', having bunches 

 oi long fibres, perennial : lJ\c stem a loot or a 

 foot and halt'higli, but not more than six inches 

 in alpine situations, obscurelv aiigul.<r, simple, 

 terminated by three (st>metimes onlv two or even 

 one) upright peduncles, each bearing one flower, 

 two inches in diameter, ot a deep vcllow colour, 

 tinged with brown or russet and orange : the 

 calyx is dirty green, cylindric and hair\', com- 

 posed ot titteen or sixteen scales ; in the ray 

 about fourteen ligulatc florets, tv\ ice as long as 

 the calyx, a line or more in breadth, striated, 

 three-toothed, having hairs at their base : the 

 seeds oblong, blackish, roughish and hairy, 

 crowned with a straw-coloured or russet-co- 

 loured down : the receptacle with deep excava- 

 tions, on the edges of which arc very small 

 bristles, which make the whole seem a little 

 hairv. 



1 he second species has roots much jointed, 

 dividing into many irregular fleshy oft'sets, w hich 

 are variously contorted : the stems several, from 

 six or eight inches to a foot in height, termi- 

 nated by one handsome flower, of a deep yellow 

 colour, two inches over : the root-leaves almost 

 round or oval, deeply serrate, terminatins: sud- 

 denly in a short point, and placed on long pe- 

 tioles : the stem-leaves few, almost sessile : all 

 soft, shaggy, and viscid : the calyx shagg)', 

 open ; the outer scales longer and wider : the 

 ray of the corolla very open : tl.c seeds a little 

 hairv, short, crowned with an eeret. It is a 

 native of Switzerland. 



The third has the crown of the root woollv : 

 the root-leaves petioled, an inch and half or two 

 inches long and an incii broad, riirid, smooth on 

 the upper surface, generally oval, ~but sometimes 

 heart-shaped : the scapes one-flowered, with a 

 few linear bractea* : the florets of the ray are fur- 

 nished with stamina. It is a native of the 

 Cape. 



Culture. — These plants are capable of being 

 propagated bv sowing the seeds in the early au- 

 tumn ill moist and rather shady situations. They 

 often rise from the scattered seed. They may 

 also be increased by parting the roots, and 

 planting them out in similar situations at the 

 same season, as immediately after the decay of 

 the stems. 



The third sort requires to be protected in pots 



under a good eardcn-framc, or in ilie drv stove, 

 and must have the same nunaaemeul as other 

 plants of the tender exotic kind. 



AROMATIe' PLANTS are such as possess a 

 fragrant aromatic flavour combined with an odo- 

 riferous smell in many of the sorts : gome of 

 them are einploved as savoury sweet- herbs tor 

 various culinar\' purposes. The principal ol'thcin 

 consist of uiKler-shrubby and herbaceous peren- 

 nials, and of annuals and biennials. Of the 

 lirst kinds are thvme, sage, winter-savory, pot- 

 marjoram, winter sweet maijcium, hyssop, rue, 

 rosemary, fennel and lavender. These continue 

 furnished with leaves in most cases all the year; 

 but the herbaceous sons renew their stalks and 

 some of the other parts annually in spring and 

 summer, as common mint, penny-roval, baum. 

 fennel, tansey, tarragon, peppermint, and lovace. 

 Of the latter kinds are sweet-marjoram, summer- 

 savory, chervil, dill, marygold, basil, parsley, 

 caraway, anise, and angelica. And among 

 the perennial kinds, the principal culinary or 

 pot-herb aromatics arc thyme, sage, winter-sa- 

 vory, marjorams, mint, penny-royal, tansey, 

 tarragon and fennel. 



All of these aromatic herbs, except the basil, 

 arc mostly of hardy growth, so as to succeed 

 in any common soil or situation ; the peren- 

 nial sorts continuing several years in the same 

 plants, among which some are durable, both in 

 root and top, and remain green for use all the 

 year, as thyme, sage, winter-savory, marjoram, 

 hyssop, rue, rosemary, &c. ; while others are 

 perennial only in root, and annual in stalk, as 

 the mints, penny-royal, tansey, tarragon, and 

 fennel, furnishing their respective produce for 

 use, only in the spring, summer, and autumn. 



The perennial aromatics arc easily raised, 

 either bv slips, offsets, parting the roots, or bv 

 seed ; and mav be planted in spring, summer, or 

 autumn, in beds or borders at from six to ten 

 or twelve inches asunder ; but the annual aiitl 

 biennial kinds continuing in the former only 

 one season, and in the latter only nil the second 

 year, must be raised every year or two, accord- 

 ing to the kind, from seed in liic spring in any 

 common earth in the open ground, except the 

 basil, w liich beins tender requin-s a hot-bed, in 

 order to be transplanted in jNlay and June : most 

 of the others generally remain w here sown in the 

 natural irround, but may be occnNUinally trans- 

 planted, The sweet-ni.ijoram and summer-savory 

 in June, &c.: and likewise the angelica, as being 

 of larae growth, in summer. 



As some of these only aflbrd their useful parts 

 at particular seasons, as mint, baiirn, penny- 

 royal, tarragon, sweet-marjoram, Ike, thcv 

 should be cut and preserveil at such time.s for 

 S •-• 



