B O R 



B O 11 



the young root-slioots in the beginning of Sep- 

 tember, in which operation the joint to l)e laid 

 in the earth should be slit upwards in the man- 

 ner practised for carnations, the boltoni bark of 

 the tonnue being taken olf. Tiiey rL(]nire a 

 considerable Irngth of lime in this way before 

 they are sufl;eie;iilv rooted to be separated from 

 the parent plant. Thcv should then be placed 

 out in separate pots, and dejiosiled in warm 

 sunny expoMir;"S in the green-house, and ma- 

 naged as other plants of that sort. 



In the seed method of raising the plants, 

 which affords the strongest, they should be 

 -gradually exposed to the open air, and set out 

 in warm protected situations during the summer, 

 being relumed to the green-house as the autumn 

 approaches, having as nuieh free air and sun as 

 possible. They require little water in thewntter, 

 but frequent small reircshings arc necessary 

 while they are placed out in the smnnKT. 



These plants have a pleasing ornamental 

 effect, and afford an agreeable variety in the 

 green-house in the winter season, as they do not 

 stand in need of artificial heat. 



BORCOLE. SeeBi-.AssicA. 



BOIU^KR, a narrow strijie or portion of 

 ground running along the sides of the walls or 

 other fences that inclosii gardens and ornament- 

 ed lands, and which bound the walks, or serve 

 to separate the different principal divisions of the 

 former; the earth being usuallv laid up in a 

 gently-sloping manner from the front to the 

 back parts. 



These compartments are either of the useful 

 or ornamental kind. 



Those of the first sort are such as arc carried 

 round the walls of garden-grounds, and which 

 are ni;)Sily emplo\ed, especially where the aspect 

 is to the south, in planting out various sorts of 

 fruit-trees upon, such as apricots, peaches, nec- 

 tarines, cherries, figs, plums, apples, pears, 

 &c. in order to their being trained to them, so 

 as to form wall-trees, as well as extremely use- 

 ful in raising diflferent early esei:!ent herbs, 

 roots, and leguminous cropson ; andin thcothcr 

 aspects for the sowing, rearing, and pricking out 

 nianv sorts of seeds and plants on, in the sum- 

 mer season, that reiiuirc at particular periods of 

 their irrowth a cool situation or a degree of shade. 

 The iieneral rule in layinvr out tl'.ese borders is 

 that of making them have breadths in propor- 

 tion to the height of the walls or pallings to- 

 wards which they are formed, which should 

 never be less than eight or twelve feet. They 

 were formerly made not more than five or six 

 feet in breadth, which is too narrow for conve- 

 nience in the culuue of plants or the man.ige- 

 nicnt of the trees that may be planted on them. 



When trees are to be planted as espaliers, ten nr 

 twelve feet are lite breadths that snould in nioxt 

 cases be allowed. 



Borders intended for the raiiing am! prowth 

 of different sorts of flowers on, or for small shrubs, 

 lu'rbaccous plants, and ilowers, being pl.-uiied 

 out in asscmbht'^e or mixture with each otiur, 

 live or six Icet in the former and eight in the 

 lailer m.iv b- llie jjroper breadths lor ihe pur|>osc. 



Their tiepihs when trees are to bj planted 

 should never be less than two feet at the walk, 

 gradually increasing to three at the back or 

 fence: some soils of fruit-trees, however, re- 

 quire much more, as pears and |)luins. In other 

 eases, one foot at the walk and two at the back 

 mav form a sufficient depth and slo|)e for the 

 perfect culture of the crops thai may be grown 

 upon them. For flowers and the small sorts of 

 shrubs it is often eonvcnieiit to have them a 

 little rounded on the surface. 



Tiiere is another soil of useful border, which 

 is that which divides or surrounds the principal 

 compartments or divisions of kitehen-gardeii- 

 grounds, and which immediately bounds the 

 main walks, as being convenient for planl- 

 inii ranu:es of dwarf a|>|)le, pear, plum, cherry, 

 medlar, and other trees upon as espaliers, as 

 well as for the culture of many herbaceous escu- 

 lent plants; the line of espalier trees in these 

 cases being planted at least three or four feet 

 from the outer edges, so that there may be a 

 three- orfour-fcet border on the outsidesne.M the 

 walks, and a smaller one on tlie insidcs of the es- 

 paliers; the broader outside borders serving for 

 ihercariu"' and culture of many low -growiiit; es- 

 culent plants, and sometimes, where the kitehen- 

 aiid flower-garden are united, as a flower-border. 

 'Jhe smaller inward borders ma\'be found useful 

 in raisinsc many sorts of small plants and herbs, 

 as lettuces, ^c. See Esi'ALiKit. 



In borders of the latter or ornamental sort, as 

 those of pleasure- or other grounds, they must 

 be formed according to circumstances. It wa> 

 formerly the taste in manv places to have almo>t 

 every walk bounded on each side by a border em- 

 bellished with various ornamental plants; this 

 taste has now, however, in a great measure ^iven 

 way to that of planting only on one side. A line 

 walk, ornamented on each side by spacious bor- 

 ders fully planteil with curious flowering shrubs 

 and other plants, has notwithstanding a fine ap- 

 pearance and good effect in many situations. 



Borders of curious flowers, carried along the 

 boundaries of grass-plats or lawns cnntieuons 

 to the house, whether formed in a straigltt or 

 serpentine manner, produce an agreeable eflect 

 and much variety. 



Borders for particular kinds of flowers, such 

 2 A 2 



