BRA 



less perfect heads than the others. Of this there 

 are the Dark or Black-headed; the Brown, and 



the Blue. 



All the varieties of the different sorts are fre- 

 quently produced by the same seed ; but they 

 may be kept in a great measure distinct by 

 proper care in the culture. 



The second species of this genu', the Tur- 

 nip, is sufficientlv known by ils round fleshy 

 roots; which liowever vary cxceedingiy m their 

 form, size, and colour, in a cultivated state, ui 

 which onlv thev are apt to be viewed. The 

 leaves which arise immediately from the root 

 are very large, of a full green colour, rough, 

 and jairged "or gashed almost to the midrib. 

 From tTe midst'of these, early in the second 

 season of its growth, springs a stalk four or 

 five feet high ', "the leaves on which are verv dif- 

 ferent from the root-leaves; being oblong, 

 poimed, embracing the stem, smooth and glau- 

 cous. The flowers are yellow, and placed on 

 long, slender, smooth peduncles: the siliques 

 or pods are cylindrie; and the seeds are of a 

 reddish-brown colour, not unlike those of 

 Cabba<re. 



There are manv varieties, chiefly distinguished 

 by the form of the bulb or root, and which pro- 

 ceed from the diflercnce of soil, situation, and 

 culture. The principal employed in the garden 

 are the Early Dutch Turnip, 'the Early White 

 Stone Turnip, the Large Later Stone Turnip, 

 and the Earlv Red Stone Turnip. These are the 

 best and most proper sorts for the early sprhig 

 and summer crops ; the bulbs or roots being 

 of a moderate size. 



The White Round Turnip, the Green-topped 

 Turnip; both of which form large roots, and are 

 proper to succeed the above sorts as garden 

 crops. 



The Red-topped Turnip, the Yellow Dutch 

 Turnip, theOblong White Turnip, thcTankard 

 Turnip, theLargeXorfolkTurnip, and the Hardy 

 Russia Turnipr These are most commonly 

 made use of as field turnips, as being large- 

 rooted, and of pretty hardy growth. 'i'hey 

 may however be cultivated in the garden as 

 winter and early spring crops, especially the last 

 sort. 



The Long Piound French Turnip, and the 

 Purple Turnip. The former of these, from its 

 Ions: small root, is of little use in gardens; and 

 thelatler is principally cultivated for its singula- 

 rity. There are other varieties, but these arc 

 sufficient for our purpose. 



CuUure in (he Cabbage kind. — ^The Cabbage is 

 a sort of plant that may be raised on almost 

 any sort of soil, but succeeds to most advan- 

 tai'C on those of a rather strong loamy nature. 



BRA 



and which have a good depth. The ground 

 in its preparation should be well dug over to 

 a full spit depth, and a sufficient proportion 

 of well rotted stable-dung incorporated with 

 it; or, when it is of the more light or sandy 

 kind, cow-dung may be employed for the pur- 

 pose, and when very stiff, some sort of calcare- 

 ous material may be made use of, with different 

 kinds of ashes. 



The most proper situations for these crops are 

 those of the more open and exposed kinds 

 which have a rather southernly aspect. 



In the culture of these plants it is usual todi- 

 stintruish them into summer and autumn kinds, 

 from the crops coming into use at these dif- 

 ferent periods. The seed for the former should be 

 sown about the first or second week in August, and 

 till the beginning of September, but not later; 

 and for the latter^cvery three or four weeks from 

 the beginning of February till the end of May, 

 according as successions are wanted. 



The plants of the autunm sowings should be 

 set out principally in October and the following 

 month, and the remainder about the middle of 

 Februarv, 'after being preserved during the 

 winter; and those of the spring sowings as they 

 become in a proper state for the purpose from 

 April to the end of June. 



In order to raise the plants in the best perfec- 

 tion, a piece of rich mellow ground in an open 

 situation should he employed, which should be 

 ■well dug over, and formed into as many four feet 

 wide beds as may be necessary, the surface being 

 raked in an even manner. Seed of the different 

 varieties should immediately be sown separately 

 upon them, rather thinly, but as regular as pos- 

 sible, being lightly raked in. It is of much 

 importance to the success of the sowings to have 

 new well ripened seed. If the weather bs moist 

 the plants soon appear, but when dry it is of 

 great utilitv to water the beds occasionally. It 

 is the usual practice when the plants have at- 

 tained a proper size, as when the leaves arc an 

 inch or two in breadth, to prick some of the 

 strongest plants out into other simijar beds, in 

 rows "six inches apart, and three or four inches 

 from plant to plant, to remain till the time of 

 setting them out; a plentiful watering being 

 civen at the time: but where the seed has been 

 sown sufliciently thin, and the plants kept pro- 

 perly thinned out and perfectly free from weeds, 

 this' operation is unne.cessary, the plants re- 

 maiuinii in the seed-beds without fustaininir 

 any cheek in their growth by being pricked 

 out. 



In finally setting out the plants, portions of 

 jrround in open situations should be provided, 

 and prepared for the purpose, by digging tticni 



I 



