C iE S 



C A L 



The characters of which are : that the calyx 

 is a one-leafttl, tive-iiartcd pcriauthiuin : the 

 tube short : segiiieiiii oblona", (itcitliioiis, the 

 lowest longer than the rest, and shghtly arched : 

 the corolla has live petals, insened into the 

 thniat of the calyeine tube, unequal : the lamina 

 roundish : the siauiina consist of ten filaments, 

 inserted into the throat of the calyx, filiform, 

 woolly at the base, and declining : the anthers 

 are oblong and decumbent : th.: pistilkun is a 

 superior avrm, linear- oblong, eomprcssed and 

 attenuated at the base : the style tilit'orm, the 

 leneth of the stamens : the stigma blunt : the 

 perrcarpium is an oblong, eomprcssed, one- 

 celled legume : the seeds few, subovate, com- 

 pressed, and flat. 



I'he species chiefly cultivated is the C. ftitl- 

 cherrima. Beautiful Brasiktto or Barbadoes 

 Flower- fence. 



This rises with a straight stalk, ten or twelve 

 feet in height; it is covered with a smooth gray 

 bark, and is sometimes as thick as the small of 

 a man's leg; it divides into several spreading 

 branches at the top, armed at eacli joint with 

 two short stronsj crooked spines. The leases 

 are doublv pinnate ; katlets from four to eight 



Eairs, most in the middle, decreasing in nimiber 

 oth at top and bottom, three quarters of an 

 inch Ions, almost half aii inch broad at the 

 end, lessenii^g gradually to the base, light 

 green ; when bruised emitting a strong odour 

 like savin. The branches are terminated by 

 loose spikes of flowers, which are sometimes 

 formed into a kind of pyramid, and at others 

 are composed more in form of an umbel, 'i he 

 peduncle of each tlower is near three inches 

 long. The petals arc roundish at the top, but 

 are 'contracted to narrow tails or claws at their 

 base ; thev spread open, and arc beautifidly vari- 

 egated w ith a deep red or orange colour, yellow, 

 and some spots of green ; they have a very 

 acreeable odour. This is a beautiful phmt, and 

 a~nati»e of both Indies. It is planted in hedges 

 to divide the lands in Barbadoes, whence it has 

 the name of Flouer-fence : and is also called 

 Spanish Carnation, Wild Sena, &c. It flowers 

 here in December, but in its native situation 

 twice in the year. 



Culture. — ^Ii may be increased by sowing the 

 seeds in the earlv spring months, in pots tilled 

 with good light rich mould, plunging them in 

 a gentle bark hot-bed, watering the earth occa- 

 sionally to keep it from becorains dry, and 

 shadmg the plants when up, as w ell as protect- 

 ine them well from frosts during the nights. 

 When two or three inches high, they should be 

 set out singly into small pots, being replunged 



in the hot-bed, watered, shaded, and protec»etl 

 as there mav be occasion. When well rooted, 

 the air should be admitted freely in proper wea- 

 ther. The protection of the stove is nece$.-ary 

 during the winter. When the plants are gruwii 

 large, there must be great care taken in shiftin^j; 

 them into larger pots, not to suffer the ball or 

 earth to fall tiom their roots ; as, when this haji- 

 )Kn>, the plants seldom survive it. They arc 

 verv impatient of moisture in winter ; and \\ Inn 

 damp seizes their tops it ofteit kills them, or 

 at least occasions the loss of their heads. 



This is a verv ornamental plant in the siovc 

 or oreen-house collections. 



CALABASll-TREi:. See Crf.scentia. 

 CALAMUS AKOMATICUS. See Acorus. 

 CALKNDUI.A, a genus comprising plants 

 of the h.ardv annual jicrennial flowery and 

 shrubby kinds. The Marigold. 



It belongs to tlie class and order Syngoieiia 

 Polygumia Ncccstaria, and ranks in the natural 

 order of Coitipvsilee Discoidece. 



The characters of which are : that the calyx iy 

 conniion simple, ntany-leaved, almost upright i 

 seiiments linear-lanceolate, (fourteen to twenty) 

 neailv ecpial : the corolla is compound radiate: 

 corollules hermaphrodite, very many it\ the disk. 

 Females the number of rays in the calyx, very 

 long in the ray: proper, of the hermaphrodite, 

 tubular, semiquinquelid, the length of the calyx. 

 — of the female liffulate, very long, three-toothed, 

 villose at the base, nerveless: the stamina consist 

 of ('.urmaphrodite) five capillary filaments, very' 

 short: the anther cylindric, tubular,, llie length 

 of the corolhile: the pislillum hetmaphrodiie : 

 germ oblong: style filiform, scarcely the lengtlt 

 of the stamens : stigma obtuse, bifid, straights 

 Females: germ oblong, three-cornered; style 

 filiform, the length of the stamens: stigmas 

 two, oblons;, acuminate, reflex. There is no 

 pericarpium: the calyx is converging, roundish, 

 and dc|ire3std: seeds hermaphrodite central of 

 the disk none: of the circumference selilom so- 

 litary, membranous, obcordaie, and compressed. 

 Females solitary, larger, oblong, incurved, tri- 

 angular, with membranous angles, niarked (/n 

 the outside longitudinally with the figure of a 

 vesietable: there is no down: the receptacle is 

 naked and flat. 



The species cultivated for u?e and ornainent 

 are: 1. C. ofticinal'is. Common Marigold; 2. C. 

 plurialh. Small Cape Marigold; 3. C". Iiijlr'uia, 

 Hybridous or Great Cape Marigold; i. C. iiu- 

 dicauUs, Naked-stalked Cape 5larigold ; 5. C. 

 gramiiitfolia. Grass-leaved Perennial Cape Ma- 

 rigold ; 6. C. frulicosa. Shrubby Marigold. 

 "The first has a sliort divaricated steuij di- 



