C A L 



C A L 



This is a shrub from three or four to six feet 

 in height; the branches rather compressed; the 

 leaves serrate and acute; the nerves of the upper 

 surface and ihe whole under surface tonientose; 

 the flowers in axillary, dichotomous, tonientose 

 panicles, scarce the length of the leaves; of a 

 funnel-form and reddish colour, succeeded by 

 a berry the size of a small pea, at first bright 

 red, afterwards deep purple. It is a native of 

 North America. 



Culture. — This is easily increased from seeds 

 by sowing them in pots, and plunging them in 

 a moderate hot-bed ; when tlic plants have ob- 

 tained some strength, gradually inuring thcni to 

 the open air, into which they may be removed 

 in .lunc, and placed in a sheltered situation till 

 autumn, being kept clear from weeds, and gently 

 refreshed with water in dry weather, but care- 

 fully placed under a frame on the approach 

 of frosts, as they are readily destroyed by 

 them . 



CALTHA, a genus comprising a plant of the 

 flowery perennial kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Polijandria 

 Polygynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Mvltisillquce. 



The characters are : that there is no calyx : 

 the corolla consists of five petals, ovate, flat, 

 spreading, deciduous, and large; the stamina 

 have numerous filiform filaments, shorter than 

 the corolla: the anthers compressed, obtuse, and 

 erect: the pistillum a superior germ, five to ten, 

 oblong, compressed, erect: no styles: the stigmas 

 are simple: the pericarpium consists of many 

 capsules, short, acuminate, spreading, one-celled, 

 two-keeled, gaping in the superior suture : the 

 seeds very many (filteen), ovate or ovate-oblong, 

 smooth, and affixed to the superior suture in a 

 double row. 



The only species is C. paluslrh. Marsh 

 Marigold. 



It has a perennial root ; the stems are several, 

 almost upright, about a foot high, hollow, nearly 

 round, smooth, branched, and purple at bottom: 

 the radical leaves stand on long petioles, cofdate- 

 reniform, smooth, shining, and notched or cre- 

 nated, sometimes scalloped, sometimes entire: 

 the stem-leaves nearly sessile, more pointed at 

 top, and sharply crenated : the stipules are brown, 

 membranous, and withering: thcbranches dicho- 

 tomous, having one large bright-yellow flower 

 at the top of each. It is a native of this climate, 

 flowering in May. 



There is a variety with double flowers, which 

 ks the sort cultivated for ornament. 



The flowers gathered before they expand are 

 said to be a good substitute for capers. 



Culture,— Th^M plant is propagated by parting 



the roots in autumn, which should then be' 

 planted out in a moist soil and shady situation, 

 good room being allowed. The double culti- 

 vated sort does not flower so early in the spring as 

 the single, but continues mudi longer in beauty. 



It aflbrds variety in the fronts of beds or bor- 

 ders of pleasure-grounds. 



CALYCAXTHUS, a genus comprising a 

 plant of the aromatic shrubby decidjous kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Icmaiidria 

 Polygynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 the Rosacete. 



The characters of which arc : that the calyx 

 is a one-leafed, pitcher-shaped, squarrose peri-- 

 anthium: leaflets coloured, lanceolate ; the s-iipe- 

 rior ones gradually larger, resembling petals: 

 there is no corolla, except the calycine folioles, 

 representing petals: the stamina consist of nu- 

 merous subulate filaments, inserted into the 

 neck of the calyx : the anthers oblong, furrow- 

 ed, sirowing to the top of the filaments: the 

 pistiTlum consists of a great many germs, end- 



ino- in subulate compressed stvlcs of the length' 



• ' 111 



of the stamens: the stigmas are glandulous : 



there is no pericarpium, the calyx being thicken- 

 ed, obovate, and berried : the seeds are very- 

 many and tailed. 



The only species cultivated is C. floridu", 

 Carolina All-spice. 



It rises to the height of eight or ten fccr 

 where it grows naturally, but seldom more than 

 four feet high in this country, divi<rmg into 

 many slender branches near the ground; covered 

 with a brown aromatic bark, with tv.'o entire 

 leaves placed opposite at every joint on short 

 foot-stalks: the flowers grow single on short 

 peduncles at the extremity o> the branches; they 

 have two series of narrow thick petals, which 

 spread open, and turn inward at the top, like 

 those of the starr\- anemone; these are of a 

 dusky purple colour, and have a disajrreeabie 

 scent. They appear in May. The strong aro- 

 matic scent has obtained it the title of All-spice. 

 There are varieties with long leaves and with 

 round leaves. 



Culture. — This is increased by laying down 

 the young branches, or one-year's shoots, which 

 may be taken oft" in a twelvemonth, and set 

 where they are to remain, as they do not bear 

 transplanting well afterwards. The effects of 

 drying winds should be guarded against in the 

 summer, and frosts in winter ; the former by 

 very moderate waterings, and the latter by co- 

 verings of bark. The best season for laving down 

 is the autumn, and for planting out, the spring. 

 This shrub is capable of bearing the open air, 

 but requires a dry soil and warm exposure. 

 It is very ornamental in the foreparts of clump* 



