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den, has thick tuberous roots, which are milky ; 

 these send out three or four strong, smooth, 

 upright stalks, which rise near four feci high, 

 and are garnished with smooth oblong leaves, 

 whose edges are a little indented : the lower 

 leaves are much broader than those on the stalks : 

 the flowers are produced from the side of the 

 stalks, and are regularly set on for more than 

 half their length, "forming a sort of pyramid; 

 these are large, open, and shaped like a bell, and 

 mostly of a light-blue colour. 



There are varieties with white flowers and 

 with double flowers. 



The third aff"ord5 a milky juice when wound- 

 ed : the root is whitish and perennial ; the stems 

 herbaceous, annual, weak, hardly branching, 

 bearing one or very few flowers. In gardens 

 it becoiTies branching and many-flowered. The 

 root-leaves are kidney-lbrni, roundish; the pe- 

 duncle elongated and smooth; the corolla blue. 

 It flowers the whole summer, and is a native of 

 the Carpathian Alps. 



According to Mr. Curtis, it is still scarce in 

 gardens, butdcserves to be more known and cul- 

 tivated : its flowers are in proportion to the 

 plant, being large and showy. 



The fourth species has the stem three feet high 

 and more, angular and smooth, but not branch- 

 ing: the leaves are sharply serrate, on short 

 petioles, and hirsute: the flowers are axillary, 

 one or two together, on peduncles shorter than 

 the leaf: calyx smooth, with broad triangular 

 segments: corolla very large, blue; the seg- 

 ments triangular, divided by a line: the fruit 

 • obliges the peduncle to bend down with its 

 weight. It is a native of (he northern parts 

 of the island, flowering in July. 



There are varieties with single and double 

 purple, and with single and double white flowers; 

 with single and double pale-red flowers; and 

 -with striped flowers. 



The fifth species has a perennial root: the 

 slem.5 arc from two to three feet in height, up- 

 right, stiff', hairy, angular, the angles membrana- 

 ceous, putting out a few short side-branches : 

 the leaves resembling those of the great nettle, 

 but rather shorter and broader, alternate, ovate, 

 cordate, pointed, hairy, deeply toothed, some- 

 times having two or three lobes ; petioled, ex- 

 cept the upper ones, which are sessile: the pe- 

 duncles are alternate, axillary, trifid, and three- 

 flowered. The number of flowers, however, 

 varies from one or two to three, four, and even 

 five; they arc large and nodding. It is a na- 

 tive of most parts of Europe, &c. flowering in 

 July and August. 



There arc varieties, with single and double 

 blue flowers, with single and double white 



flowers, and with single and double pale pur])le 

 flowers. 



The sixth species has the whole plant very 

 smooth; the root perennial, white, fusiform, 

 the thickness of a finger, and branched: the 

 stems are few, erect or ascending, simple, round, 

 a foot high, leafy all over, annual, terminated 

 with one handsome flower, but without scent, 

 nodding a little, with sometimes one or two 

 flowers more from the upper axillas : (he leaves 

 are irregularly scattered, sessile or on very short- 

 petioles, ovate or sublanceolate, short and 

 sharply serrate : sometimes a few of the leaves, 

 and at others all of them, are in threes : the co- 

 rolla is two inches in diameter or more, very 

 deep blue, with numerous blue veins; elegantly 

 pear-shaped before expanding, and at first green. 

 It flowers in June and beginning of July, and is 

 a native of Siberia. 



The seventh has a biennial root : the leaves 

 are oblong, rough, hairy, serrate, coming out 

 without order from the root, narrowing into a 

 petiole. From the centre of these, the second 

 season, arises a stiff, hairy, furrowed stalk about 

 two feet high, sending out several lateral 

 branches, with long, narrow, hairy, serrate, 

 sessile leaves, placed alternately: from the sel- 

 tino- on of these leaves come out the peduncles, 

 those on the lower part of the stem and branches 

 four or five inches long, diminishing gradually 

 in length upwards, and thus forming a sort of 

 pyramid. The flowers are very large, and make 

 a fine appearance; they are smooth, and the 

 segments turn back at the end ; they come out 

 the beginning of June, and, if the season be not 

 very hot, corTtinuc a month in beauty. It grows 

 naturally in Germany, &c. 



There are varieties, with blue, purple, white, 

 striped, and double flowers.' 



The eighth species is an annual plant, which 

 rises with slender stalks a foot high : the flowers 

 are of a beautiful purple, inclining to a violet 

 colour, (sometimes pale purple or white,) and in 

 the evening fold up into a pentagon figure, 

 whence it is sometimes called Viola pcntagonia: 

 the calyx is composed of five narrow leaves, 

 which spread open, turn back, and are much 

 longer than the petals ; these remaiii on the top 

 of fhe prismatic seed-vessel, which is filled with 

 small angular seeds : the stem is tender, quadran- 

 gular, naturally procumbent, branched from the 

 bottom at very great angles : the leaves sessile, 

 obovate, and waved about the edge: the flowers 

 axillary, erect, on very long peduncles : the co- 

 rolla \vheel-shaped, and so deeply five-cleft that 

 the segments, which are ovate, scarcely cohc-e. 

 It is a native of the southern countricj of 

 Europe, flowering from May to September. 



