CAT 



C E A 



neglected, they frequcnlly devour every leaf, 

 leaving the tree quite naked, and ot coursi- 

 destroy the fruit for that season at least. 



In order to remove the gregarious sorts of ca- 

 terpillarsj which are enclosed in great numbers 

 in nets or bags resembling strong cobwebs, 

 and fixed to the branches of trees or shrub?, 

 the nests should be carefully picked off", and 

 the insects crushed, by which vast numbers of 

 them may be destroyed. After the trees have 

 been thus cleared, they should be washed as above 

 to destroy those stragglers that may still remain 

 on them. But " after the trees come into flower, 

 instead of washing them with urine and soap- 

 suds, they should be well watered with clear 

 lime-water mixed with tobacco-water." 



It is remarked by Mr. Forsyth, that as 

 " there are several species of moths, that in 

 the caterpillar state are verv hurtful to plums and 

 other fruit-trees," it would " be a great advan- 

 tage to destroy them on their first appearance. 

 In clearing trees from insects of other kinds, 

 caterpillars should also be carefully looked for and 

 picked oft". They will be found to " shelter 

 themselves at the ends of the shoots, in the 

 flowers, and at the bottom of the footstalks 

 of the flowers." It is added that " there are 

 two or three sorts that infest fruit-trees, two of 

 a brown and one of a green colour." 



The success of this method of clearing and 

 washing has been very evident in the practice 

 of Mr. Forsyth in different sorts of apple-trees, 

 they recovering themselves afterwards in a rapid 

 manner. 



It has long been a common opinion that cold 

 and severe frost have considerable effects in de- 

 stroying caterpillars, as well as the larvte and 

 ova of different insects: but the experiments of 

 Reaumur and Bonnet seem to shew that this is 

 not the case; as, on the former subjecting " a 

 parcel of young caterpillars to a degree of cold 

 lowered to fifteen degrees below zero on his 

 thermometer. Dr. Anderson observes, they suf- 

 fered no injury; and the latter found the same 

 to be the case with the common cabbage cater- 

 pillar, and also the chrysalis of the common 

 butterfly. 



It is ingeniously suggested, by Mr. Forsyth, 

 that by a better and more intimate acquaintance 

 with the habits and economy of these animals, 

 we might, probablv, be enabled to discover more 

 certain methods of destroying them. 



CATESB^A, a genus containing a plant of 

 the exotic shrubby kind. The Lily-Thorn. 



It belongs to the class and order Teirundrhi 

 Mojtogynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Jjuridce. 



The characters are: that the calyx is a four- 

 toothed, superior perianthium, very small, acute, 

 and permanent: the corolla is monopetalous, 

 funnel-form : tube extremelv long, straight, 

 eradually widening upwards: border scmi-qua- 

 drifid, broad, erect-flat: the stamina consist of 

 four filaments, growing within the neck of the 

 tube: the anthers oblong, erect, almost longer 

 than the corolla: the pistillum is a roundish, 

 inferior germ : the style filiform, length of the 

 corolla: the stigma simple: the pericarpium 

 an oval berry, crowned, unilocular : the seeds 

 many, angulate. 



The species cultivated is C. spinosa, Lily- 

 Thorn. 



It rises with a branching stem to the height 

 of ten or twelve feet, covered with a pale russet 

 bark: the branches come out alternately from 

 the bottom to the top, with small leaves re- 

 sembling those of the box-tree, in clusters all 

 round the branches, at certain distances: the 

 flowers come out single from the sides of the 

 branches, hanging downward; and arc of a 

 dull yellow colour. The berry is the size of a 

 middling plum, hollow within, with small an- 

 gular seeds. It is anative of the Bahama islands, 

 flowering here in the summer. 



Culture. — It is capable of being propagated 

 either by seeds, or cuttings of the young shoots. 

 The seeds, procured from abroad, should be 

 sown in pots of light earth, in the early spring 

 months, and plunged in the bark-bed. The 

 cuttings may be planted at any time during 

 the summer months, in pots, plunging them in 

 the tan-bed; and when closely covered with 

 hand-glasses, their rooting is facilitated. It 

 is a verv ornamental shrub ; but must be 

 always kept in pots of light sandy earth, in 

 the stove. 



CAULIFLOWER. See Brassica. 



CEANOTHUS, a genus comprising plants 

 of the tree and shrubby exotic kinds. 



It belon<;s to the class and order Penfandria 

 Moiwgynki, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Dumoscp. 



The characters are: that the calyx is a one- 

 leafed, turbinate perianthium ; border five-parted, 

 acute, close-converging, and permanent: the 

 corolla has five equal petals, roundish, of an 

 arched saccular shape, compressed, very obtuse, 

 spreading, smaller tlian the calyx, seated on 

 claw s the length of the petal, growing from the 

 interstices of the calyx: the stamina consist of 

 five subulate, erect filaments, opposite to the 

 petals, the length of the corolla: the anthers are 

 roundish: the pistillum is a superior, triangular 

 germ : the style cylindnc, scmitrifid, the length 



