C I T 



CLE 



It becomes necessary' to shift the plants into 

 larger pots or tubs of fresh earth, every second or 

 third spring, about April, removing them with 

 the balls of earth entire ; the outside matted 

 mouldy roots being pared off close, and part of 

 the old earth at top, sides, and bottom, taken 

 away : then the tubs or pots being cleaned out, 

 or new larger ones provided, some crooked pieces 

 of tiles should be laid over the holes at bottom, 

 and some earth put in ; placing the trees in the 

 pots or tubs, and filling them up with more com- 

 post, pressing it down on the sides, giving a 

 moderate watering at the tops, and retaining the 

 plants in the green-house till the weather be- 

 comes sufficiently fine. 



Such trees as have thin, straggling, or irregu- 

 lar heads should be pruned, so as to have the 

 branches moderately short, and to form better 

 heads. 



But when they appear in an unhealthy state, 

 with weak shoots, irregular heads, and small 

 ill-coloured leaves, they should be pruned 

 pretty close, and shifted into entire fresh earth; 

 the roots being soaked and washed well in wa- 

 ter. When they have been again planted, they 

 should have a little water given immediately, and 

 be plunged in a bark hot-bed, to remain until 

 .Tilly, when they will have made strong »hoots, 

 and have formed new, full, and regular heads. 



When the trees in pots have attained a large 

 size, they should be shifted into tubs, hooped 

 with iron hoops, having strong hooked iron 

 handles at the tops, to receive poles to lift the 

 trees by. 



As there is often an abundance of flowers on 

 these trees, when they appear in June and the 

 following months, it may be proper to thin 

 them a little, by taking off the smallest : and 

 as the trees continue blowing and setting fruit 

 for some time, — when a full crop is set, it is of 

 .benefit to the trees and fruit, to gather off the 

 superabundant blossoms as they are formed. 



In planting trees of this kind in the full 

 ground, there must be frame erections for the 

 support of glass or other coverings to defend the 

 plants in inclement weather : in these situations 

 the trees^ from their having full scope for their 

 roots, generally shoot strong, and produce large 

 fruit, being trained within as wall or standard- 

 trees. 



The walls, for this purpose, should have a 

 ' southern aspect, and be in a dry situation ; and 

 for the greater protection of the trees in severe 

 frosts, there should be a fire-place, with a 

 flue carried aloilg a low wall in the front and 

 ends ; the trees being planted in the full borders 

 against the back-walls, and their branches train- 

 ed to them, five or six inches distance, air and 



occasional water being given, as for those in 

 the green-house, and the glasses put on in nights 

 in bad weather, the flues only being made use 

 of in sharp frosts, and then with very moderate 

 fires, so as just to prevent their injurious effects. 



Having managed them in this way during the 

 autumn, winter, and spring seasons, they should 

 about the beginning of June have the glasses re- 

 moved, and the borders should be raised a little 

 where the soil is wet, and be slightly dug over 

 two or three times a year ; necessary supplies of 

 manure being given. 



For standard trees, a more capacious and lofty 

 glass covering should be erected against the wall, 

 somewhat in the manner of hot -houses, only 

 higher ; aborderbeingmade the whole width and 

 length, planting one or two rows of trees length- 

 ways in it, suffering them to run up as standards, 

 only giving a little pruning, just to preserve re- 

 gularity. 



Some have for this use lofty moveable glass- 

 frames, so that two or three rows of trees can 

 be planted in some conspicuous part of the plea- 

 sure-ground, the frames being taken wholly 

 away in summer, so as to appear a little Orange- 

 grove. And when the trees are well protected 

 by the glasses, and other occasional coverings, 

 &c. in winter, they grow in this way to a much 

 greater height than those planted in tubs, or other 

 methods. 



The Citron trees should have warmer situations 

 than tlie Orange during the winter, and be re- 

 tained in the house later in the summer, at 

 which period they should also have rather more 

 water. 



The common Lemon trees, as being more 

 hardy than the Orange, of course require more 

 air in the winter season, 



GIVES. See Allium. 



CLARY. See Salvia. 



CLAYEY EARTH, that sort of earthy ma- 

 terial that is chiefly composed of clay ; which, 

 from its stiff", adhesive and retentive nature, is 

 very indifferently adapted to the grow th of gar- 

 den vegetables. See Soil. 



CLEMATIS, a genus comprehending plants 

 of the herbaceous flowery perennial and shrub- 

 by kinds of hardy growth. 



It belongs to the class and order Pohjandria 

 Polygynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 MullmliqiKE. 



The characters are : that there is no calyx : 

 the corolla has four petals, oblong, lax : the 

 stamina consist of very many subulate fila- 

 ments, shorter than the corolla : anthers grow- 

 ing to the side of the filaments : the pistilluni 

 has very many roundish, compressed gern)s, 

 ending in subulate styles^ longer tljan the sta- 



