F O 11 



F O S 



tl\is nieins; after the liniues are made up, it may 

 be kept perf'ectlv neal ami clean. A loose drain 

 vill likewise be necessary in the iiiitlilie of the 

 bottom of the pit, for conveying oft' wet and 

 the oozing from the dung, to a laiik or cistern 

 constructed for its reception. The fluid thus col- 

 lected, mav be made use of in watering cabbage 

 aiul other plants of the same kind. 



FORCING -PIT, a sort of pit conslructed 

 of brick-work, w itli lire-Hues, in various ways, 

 lor the purpose of making tan- or other hot-beds 

 in being covered with glass frames. 



It is useful for receiving dilVerent sorts of ten- 

 der potted plants which retpiire considerable de- 

 grees of heat in their cultivation. SeeB.AiiK-l'jT. 



FORCING-WALL, a wall constructed with 

 flues for the purpose of conveying and com- 

 nuuiicating fire-hcat, in order to ripen various 

 kinds of tree fruits tliat are planted and trained 

 au'ainst them, and which are protected in the 

 front by glazed frames. See Hot- Wall. 



Walls of this sort should always be erected in 

 warm sheltered situations, and have southern 

 aspects, in order that they may derive the greatest 

 possible advantage from the influence of the sun. 



FORKS T-TRLF-S, such trees as grow to a 

 Lirne size, whether of the deciduous or evergreen 

 kinds, and are fit for the purpose of timber. Of 

 this sort of trees there are a great many diilerent 

 kinds; but those principally employed as timber 

 are : the Oak, Ash, Elm, Beech, Chestnut, Ma- 

 ple, Birch, Alder, Poplar, Larch, Pine, ^c. 

 And for the purposes of ornament, these as well 

 as many others may be had recourse to ; such 

 .IS the Mountain-ash, Lime, Horse-chestnut, 

 Willow, Sec. and all the different sorts of Fir, 

 Box, Holly, Yew, Cypress, &c. 



Tliey are. raised in different methods according 

 to theirkinds,asmay be seen underthcirrespcctive 

 genera, but chiefly bv seeds, layers, and .cuttings. 



Informingplantationswith these sorts of trees, 

 v.helher by .sowing the seeds or setting the young 

 plants, great care should be taken to adapt them 

 as much as possible to the nature of the soils ami 

 situation, as some sorts succeed well on one kind 

 of soil and others on another. Thus the Oak, 

 Elm, Maple, and Birch, answer well on all the 

 dicper kinds of soil ; w bile those of the Ash, 

 Jketli, Chestnut, Mountain-ash, Larch, Pine, 

 J?ox. I lolly. Yew, 8cc. thrive the most perfectly 

 where the soils are more light, dry, and friable. 

 But the Alder, Willow, Poplar, and .some 

 <ithcrs, grow in the greatest pel feci ion where 

 there is a greater degree of moisture. The Ikech, 

 ■Mountain-ash, Larch, and some others, like- 

 V i'-e succeed well in exposed situations. See 

 Vi.\s\xrios. 



i'OSSE, a sort of sunk fence or haw -haw made 



on the onliidcs or boundaries of ornamenled 

 crounds, in order to e.stend the prospect in an 

 uninterrupted manner. Fences of this nature 

 are formed of ilitfeient depths and breadth", ac- 

 cording to circumstances, but si\ or seven feet in 

 deiith and ten or filicen in width are the most 

 common. Where the extent of pleasure-ground 

 is inconsiderable, these fences give the particular 

 parts of the garden or grounds an air of larger 

 e.Mcnt than it really possesses, as at a distance 

 nothing of them is seen, so that the adjacent 

 fields, Jfic. appear to be ctjunccted with them : 

 where the pleasure-ground is silu,-\tcd near to a 

 paik, paddock, or any .siiacious field open to rm 

 avireeable prosjicct, they arc often continued 

 round, as far as they are agreeable from tho 

 walks of the pleasure-ground.s. 



Works of this kind are formed in diflerent 

 ways, but always so as to serve the purpose of 

 fences ami atVord an uninterrupted view. 



One methoii of constructing them is with 

 an upright side ne.xt the garden or pleasure- 

 ground, or in the contrary direction, according 

 to circumstances ami situation, five, six, or seven 

 feet deep, faced with a wall of brick, stone, or 

 strong post and planking; the other side being 

 made sloping outward from the bottom of the 

 uprioht wall, &c. gradually, with an easy slope 

 to fifteen or twenty feet distance, or more, 

 so as to render the declivity as easy and imper- 

 ceptible as possible, both to take ofi'all stifl'aiid 

 ditch-like appearance, and that w hen in a field or 



Eark, no ground may be lost from its being capa- 

 le of being converted into grass. The top of the 

 upri(i-ht side should be made nearly upon a level 

 with the adjacent pleasure-ground, and always a 

 little higher than the lop of the slope on the oppo- 

 site side, being laid with grass, corresponding to 

 thcad)oinii)g garden orpleasurc-ground, unless it 

 be thousht convenient to continue a gravel walk 

 that way; in which case, a proper verge of grass 

 should constantly be jirescrvcd between the walk 

 and the cdiTC of the Fosse ; the sloped side should 

 also have its top always ncarlv on a level with 

 the adjacent ground of the field, park, or part 

 where it is formed ; and the side finished witli 

 a regular slope from lop to bottom, being also 

 sown or laid down in grass, which will alwavs 

 preserve the slope in due form, and have an 

 aiirecable a|5pcarance to the siglu. 

 ^ When, in forming this kind of fosse, bv rea- 

 son of wet it cannot be got deep enough to I'oini 

 the upriglu suliieienlly as a fence, a ehevaux-de- 

 fri.--e of wood-work may be erected along the top, 

 projecting outward in a ncarlv horizontal posi- 

 tion, or as much so as to ri>e but very little above 

 the Ie\el of the top of the i>erpendicular .side on 

 which it is lived, that it mav not obsiruct ilic 

 ! C -J 



