F O S 



F R A 



view, or he verv perceptible from the garden slopes evenly from each line of level at top to 

 or pleasure-ground. that at bottom, and sow each slope with grass. 



Another t'encc of this sort is formed with both or lay them with turf, as most proper. The 

 sides sloping, and in perpendicular depth from fence' along the bottom may be either close 

 four to five or six feel, having a fence near that paling, rails, or palisadoes, as most convenient; 

 height arranged along the bottom ; the sides the ireight proportionable to the depth of the 

 being sloped gradually from the bottom to ten fosse, but not higher, or at least but very little, 

 or twenty feel widthj or more, at top ; as the than the line of level at the top of the fosse. 

 more easy and imperceptible the slope the bet- In the execution of the work in both cases 

 ter, particularly on the field side. The sides the internal materials should be well trodden or 

 must be sown or laid with grass. In this, as rammed in, in order that the whole may be ren- 

 both sides are sloped, a fence along the bottom dered perfectly solid, and prevented from sink- 

 ing irregularly. 



FOTHERGILLA, a genus containing a plant 

 of the low under shrubby kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Polijandria 

 Diisynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Amentaccce. 



The characters are : that the calyx is an one- 



is necessary as a defence against cattle, &c. 

 which may be either strong paling, or any kind 

 of palisado-work, the height in proportion to 

 the perpendicular depth of the sunk fence, as 

 the toj) should not be higher than that of the 

 slopes. 



In constructing the first sort offences of this 



nature, beginby setting out the intended width by leaved perianthium, bell-shaped, close, truncate, 



two ranges^of short stakes; then level in the stakes short, permanent: there is no corolla : the sta- 



by notching, according to the intended height of minahave very many filiform filaments, thicker 



the top on each side, corresponding with the ad- at top, long: anthers minute, erect, quadran- 



jacent ground, making up both the top lines gular: the pistillura is an ovate, bifid germ :^ 



"with earth firmly, according to the line of level styles two, subulate, terminating, the length of 



marked on the stakes ; then close along the side the stamens : the pericarpium is a hardened, 



of the line of the intended upright side, proceed two-lobed, two-celled capsule : lobes two- 



to dig a trench three feet wide, perpendicularly valved : the seeds solitary and bony, 



to the intended depth ; and as you go on, work The species is F. alnifolia, Alder-leaved Fo- 



also the sloping side gradually down, still con- 

 tinue digging the trench perpendicularly next 

 the garden, &c. till arrived at the proper de|3th; 

 when level the bottom equally along according 

 to the lines of level at top ; and having proceed- 

 ed so far, then, according to the line of level 

 at top and bottom, trim and finish ofl' the 

 sloping side regularly, so as to form an even 

 slope from the outside line at top to that at 

 bottom : as to the upright side, a wall must be 

 erected to the height of the line of level at top, 

 making good the ground behind the wall, firmly, 



thergilla. 



It is a tree having the appearance and leaves 

 of Alder. The leaves are alternate, petioled, 

 wedge-shaped, entire, serrate at the tip, serra- 

 tures very large and few, the upper surface 

 green, the lower hoary, the younger ones white 

 with nap underneath. The flowers in a close 

 spike at the end of the stem, like an oblong 

 head, and white. Capsules large, ovate, very 

 hirsute, sharp, two-celled : the valves opening 

 into four pohits, until the seeds are ripe. The 

 flowers come out in the beginning of spring from 



as the building advances, and finishing the top the buds at the end of the branches before the 

 with a coat of turf level with the adjoining leaves, and are of a white colour. It is a native of 

 ground ; at the same time also finish the slope. North America, flowering from April to June. 



either by sowing it with grass-seeds, or laying it 

 with turf, as n)ost convenient. 



In forming the second sort, set out the width 

 by two lines of stakes ; then level them in, and 

 make up the ground of each line according to 

 the nnrk of level, as before ; then exactly along 

 the middle,, between the two lines of stakes, 

 dig a trench two or three feet wide, to the in- 

 tended depth of the fence, sloping each side a 

 little as you go on, still contiiniing the trench 

 perpendicularly, till arrived at the dae depth ; 

 then, as in the former, level the bottom an 



There are varieties of it, with broad leaves, 

 and with narrow leaves. 



Cultwe. — These plants are raised with facili- 

 ty, by parting the roots in the autumn or spring 

 season, and planting them out in the places 

 where the plants are to grow. 



They aflbrd ornament and variety in the fronts 

 of the borders and clumps m pleasure-grounds, 

 anionsr others of similar growth; and from their 

 hardy nature require little trouble. 



rOX-GLOVE. See Digitalis. 



rRAGAlUA, a genus comprising a plant 



equal depth, by stakes, agreeable to the lines of of the low herbaceous percimial hardy truit kind, 

 level at top: when this is elVected, finish off both It belongs to the class and order /fOia^ifz-ia 



