F U M 



F U M 



to October. It is a native of the South of 

 Europe. 



Culture. — ^The first sort of these plants may 

 be readily increased, by planting off-sets from 

 the roots in a light soil, in a shady situation, in 

 the beginning of autumn, as soon as the stems 

 begin to decay. 



The other sorts may be raised by sowing the 



seeds where the plants are to grow, as soon ai 

 they become perfectly ripened. 



The only culture they demand afterwards is, 

 that of keeping them free from weeds. 



They are all very ornamental in the fore parts 

 of clun)[)S, borders, and other parts of pleasure- 

 grounds. 



FUMITORY. See Fumaria. 



GAL 



GALANTHUS, a genus containing a plant 

 ofihe bulbous-rooted floweryperennial kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Hexandria 

 Mono^ynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Spalfiacece. 



The characters are : that the calyx is an 

 oblong spalhe, obtuse, compressed, gaping on 

 the flat side, withering : the corolla has three 

 petals, oblong, obtuse, concave, lax, patulous, 

 equal: nectary cylindric, three-leaved, half the 

 length of the petals ; leaflets petal-shaped, pa- 

 rallel, emarginate, obtuse : the stamina consist 

 of capillary filaments, very short : anthers ob- 

 long, acuminate, endingin a bristle, convcigeat : 

 the pistilluni is a globular, inferior germ : style 

 filiform, longer than the stamens : stigma sim- 

 ple : the pericarpium is an oval-globular capsule, 

 obtusely three-sided, three-celled, three-valved : 

 the seeds several and globular. 



The species is G. nivalis, Snow-Drop. 



It has the bulb coated and truncate : the leaves 

 are yellowish at the base, callous at the tips- the 

 scape half a foot or a span in height, aucipifal, 

 striated, involved at the base in a pair of leaves : 

 the sheath whitish, truncate, involving the leaves 

 and scape : the peduncle usually comes out from 

 the left cell of the spathe, is weak, and wrinkled 

 below the germ : the flov/ers are solitarv, and of a 

 milk-white colour. It is a native of Switzerland, 

 flowering in January ancf February. 



It varies with semi-double, and with double 

 flowers. 



Culture. — These little elegant plants are in- 

 creased by planting off-sets"from their roots in 

 the places where they are to remain in the latter 

 end of summer, when their leaves begin to de- 

 cline, or in the beginning of the autumn. The 

 roots should not, however, be removed oftener 

 than every third year. 



GAR 



They should always be planted in bunches 

 of a great nuniber of bulbs together, in order to 

 make a better show, as when set out singly they 

 have no effect. 



They are well adapted to the fronts of borders 

 and clumps, as well as woody and shady plan- 

 tations, producing a fine effect when in blow. 



• The single sorts come first into blow. 



Garden, a portion of ground laid out for 

 the purpose of raising and providing different 

 sorts of plants of both the flowery and escu- 

 lent kinds, as well as various other vegetable 

 productions and fruits. 



It is usually distinguished, from the nature of 

 the produce, into theFlower- and Kitchen garden ; 

 the latter being chiefly destined to the raising of 

 useful culinary roots, plants, and vegetables. 



Where the first sort of gardens are necessary, 

 they should be laid out so as to have open sunny 

 sheltered exposures, forming if possible the con- 

 nections between the ornamented or pleasure- 

 grounds, and the kitchen-gardens, according to 

 the general nature and situation of such grounds, 

 so as to afford the most striking effect and 

 variety. 



Their forms may vary in proportion to the 

 distribution of the lands and the particular cir- 

 cumstances of their sit nations, being made square, 

 circular, oblong, or in any other manner, accord- 

 ing to the taste of the proprietor; the parts ap- 

 proaching the ornamented grounds being mostly 

 separated by walks, and the introduction of dif- 

 ferent sorts of the most curious hardv flowering 

 shrubby plants. The interior parts should have 

 a neat ornamental distribution, so as to produce 

 the most striking variety when the flowers are in 

 blow, and afford the greatest convenience in their 

 cultivation. It was formerly the practice to have 

 them laid out with walks surrounding the outer 



