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GAR 



boiuularics or bortlors licing introduced all roiiii<l 

 within tlicni, and liic inner conii)arlnicnts di- 

 vided into a variety of narrow straight Ijorders 

 or plain four-tect wide paralk-li)fds,liaving two- 

 f'ctt wide alleys between; the whole of them 

 hcino: laid in a rounding forn), and neatly edged 

 with dwarf box, or some other jilanl suited to 

 the purpose; and the walks and alleys laid with 

 the linest sand; but at present they are mostly 

 arranged so as to suit the nature oi' the situa- 

 tion, produee the most ornamental eUcct, and 

 afford the greatest case, eonvcniencc, and suc- 

 cess in the culture of ilic flowers. 



'I'liey should contain all the dillercnt sorts of 

 hardy curious oruanuiital flower plants, whether 

 ■of the bulbous, lidjerous, or librous ro<ited 

 kinds. 



'Ihe second division, or i;itcheii-garden, must 

 be laid out in diHerent methods, according to 

 Jthe difi'erenccs in the circumstances of the 

 ground. It is sometimes so manasicd as to con- 

 ■stitute apart of, or comnuuiicate with, the plea- 

 sure-jrround ; butwliere there is sutlieicnt ex- 

 tent of land, it is better to be distinct, or detach- 

 ed from it, and in every case as much concealed 

 from the house as jiossible. The most conveni- 

 ■ent distribution is at some distance behind it ; 

 hut on the sides may answer very well, esjx-- 

 ciallv when not too contiguous, or so situated 

 as to interrupt any particular prospect. 



In regard to4he nature of the sittiation most 

 proper for the purpose, it should, wlien conve- 

 nient, be where there is a gentle decimation to- 

 wards the south or south-east, in order that it 

 may have the full advantage of the morning sun. 

 Mr. Forsyth remarks in his "Treatise on the Cul- 

 ture andjylanagoment of Fruit-trees," that "if it 

 be situated in a bottom,thcw ind w ill havethclcss 

 cfl'cct upon it ; but then the damps and fogs will 

 be very prejudicial to the i'ruit and other crops;" 

 and that when " f ituated too high, although it 

 will in a great mcivsure be free from damps and 

 fogs, it will be exposed to the fury of the winds, 

 to the great hurt of the trees, by breaking their 

 branches, and blowing down tlieir blossoms and 

 fruit." It sliould therefore, in his opinion, 

 " be well sheltered from the north and east to 

 prevent the blighting w inds irom aflccting the 

 trees, and also from the westerly winds, wiiich 

 are very hurtful in the spring or summer 

 months." Where it is not "naturally sheltered 

 with gentle rising hills, which are the best shel- 

 ter of any, plantations of forest-trees should," 

 he says, " be made at proper distances, so as 

 not to shade it." These, he supposes, will be 

 found the best substitute, but at the same time 

 tiie «un and air should be freely admitted. On 

 this account it i> supposed thai " a place sur- 



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rounded by woods is a very iinpro]jcr situat:on 

 for a garden or orchard, as a foul stagnant air 16 

 very unfavourable to vegetation." It is like- 

 wise added that " blights arc much more fre- 

 quent in such situations than m those that arc 

 more o]->en and e\pose<l." In these shclierinir 

 plantations, iMr. Forsyth advises that fruit-trees 

 shoukl be iuternnxed with those of the forest 

 kind, which, besides being advantageous in the 

 way of aHbrdiug shelter, ornament, and iVuit, 

 become nurseries for raising forest-trees. 



i?ut where ihe situations will not admit of 

 this, he suggests the propriety of planting some 

 cross rows of fruit-trees in the garden at the di- 

 stances of about forty or scvcutv \ards from 

 each other, more or less, in proportion to flie 

 extent: where the length is considerable, one ■ 

 row may i)e suHieiciit on each side, but in short 

 cross rows tao on each side the walks or |)aths. 

 In this intention tlie trees should not be planted 

 opposite one another, but in such a manner as 

 that those in one row may be opposite to the 

 middle parts of the open spaces in the others. 

 In this method, besides the ornamental elVect 

 that is produced, the force of violent winils 

 is broken, and uuieh damage to other trcea pre- 

 vented. 



In this view, the best sort of trees, according 

 to Mr. Forsyth, is that of dwarfs, with stems 

 about two feet high, which may readily be pro- 

 vided by removing the lower branches. 



In fixing u]ion ground for a garden, it is like- 

 wiscapouitof mueli importance to have the 

 natural soil of a good quality, being sufliciently 

 dry, mellow, and capable of being easily 

 wrought in all seasons, as well as of a good 

 depth, as from a foot and haJf to three feet. 

 And if the surface be uneven, it will be tlic bet- 

 ter, as there will be a greater variety in the qua- 

 lity, and of course it will be more fully adapted to 

 the culture of diflcrent crops. Ihe most proper 

 sort of soil for this |Hirpo.se is that of the rich 

 friable loamy kind, and the worst those of the 

 very light, sandy, and stiff' clayey descriptions. 

 But the properties of soils may be much im- 

 proved in most cases by a judicious applicatioir 

 of ditl'eicnt sorts of materials in the way ot 

 manure. See Sort, and Manuhk. 



Where fruit-trees, csiiecially those of the 

 finer, as well as apple and pear kinds, are to be 

 planted, a greater depth of good soil, as well a» 

 a greater degree of dryness, is necessary. 



There are very different opinions in respect to 

 the most )>roper and advantageous forms for this 

 sort of culture; but though much must con- 

 stantly de]xiid on the nature of the situation, 

 where the spadt is to be made use of in perfiirm- 

 iiig the work, the square shape, or thatwhicK 



