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brick, made convex on the siJe which is up- 

 wardi; but these are expensive. A sort of slate, 

 Lroniiht from Wales, has lately been made use 

 of for this purpose, which seems to answer very 

 well. It is made to have the projection just 

 mentioned. This sort of coping has been em- 

 ployed in the extensive gaj-deus at Ashted Park, 

 near Epsom; and may he had of different sizes 

 at Mr. Sanuiel Wyatt's slate-wharf, near Black- 

 friar's EridLce. Mr. Forsyth suggests that com- 

 mon copings should have a little slope given 

 them " towards the north or east, according 

 to the aspect of the wall," by which the wet 

 from the south and west sides may hi taken 

 awav, and the danger of the early blossoms and 

 fruit being injured on the south and west walls 

 in cold nights be avoided. 



When tlie soil of a garden is naturally of a 

 stiff quality and retentive of moisture, proper 

 under-draining will be essentially necessary in 

 order to the production of good w ell-tastcd fruit, 

 as well as tine culinary vegetables. In these 

 cases the main or leading drains should be made 

 under the walks, and those from the quarters be 

 formed to communicate with, and empty them- 

 selves into them. They should be constructed 

 of bricks, either common or such as are formed 

 for the purpose, and be laid in such directions 

 as are ihe best adapted to the removal of the in- 

 jurious wetness, and always of such depths as to 

 prevent their being injured by the spade in 

 working the ground. By this means the soil 

 •will be kept in a suitable state for the growth of 

 the plants, and the walks preserved m a fine 

 state of dryness, so as to be sufficiently firm tor 

 carting or wheeling upon, even in wet seasons. 



When the siround destined for the purpose of 

 forcing is on a level considerablv lower than 

 that of the garden, the water from the latter 

 may be made to supply the former, by having 

 the main leading drain terminating in a tank, 

 pond or cistern constructed in it for the pur- 

 pose, which in many situations may be ex- 

 tremely convenient and useful. 



In many cases, and especially where the gar- 

 den-grounds arc of a dry quality, it is of vast 

 advantage to have them situated contiguous to 

 rivers, brooks, or large basons of water, from 

 which they can be supplied by means of drains, 

 pipes, or other contrivances, in the most hot 

 and droughty seasons. 



Where no supplies of water can be provided 

 and brougtit to the garden in these ways, Mr. 

 Forsyth sujrgesis that where they lie on the sides 

 of public or other roads, and the level of the 

 grounds is suitable, hollow drains should be 

 formed in the most convenient parts, to receive 

 the water that washes them in rainy seasons. 



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and convey it to large ponds or other places 

 made for its reception in the liighest part of the 

 garden-ground that will admit of it; from 

 which it may be dispersed to the different quar- 

 ters which w'ill allow of it, by pipes, with cocks 

 fixed at different places for turning it on as may 

 be necessary. Or by having suitable channels 

 cut, it may be turned upon different parts, as in 

 the practice of watering meadow land, which, 

 w here the roads are repaired with calcareous ma- 

 terials, or there is much vegetable matter wash- 

 ed down them, may be highly beneficial in the 

 way of manure. A proper ready exit for the 

 superabundant water mnst always be provided 

 in these cases, to prevent stagnation. And 

 where the ground has been much enriched by 

 stable manure, the practice should be cautiously 

 adopted, as more may be conveyed away in the 

 state of solution than is brought by the water. 

 The most convenient time for turning on water 

 is generally during the night, which in dry sea- 

 sons is the most ad vantageous to the plants or crops. 



The expense in pipes, drains, channels, and 

 other apparatus for these purposes, will be con- 

 siderable at first ; but the saving in labour and 

 time in the pumping and carrying water, it i-; 

 conceived, will soon repay it. Where water is 

 under the necessity of being pumped up froiT> 

 deep wells, large basons or reservoirs should be 

 provided, in which it should remain some time 

 exposed to the influence of the atmosphere be- 

 fore it is made use of in the above or any othec 

 way. 



When garden-grounds are of a wet spewy 

 quality, Mr. Forsyth recommends basons to be 

 formed in the most convenient parts, for the 

 reception of the water that proceeds from the 

 drains, and wdiich falls in rain on the walks and 

 paths. 



In new kitchen-garden grounds, where the 

 soil is of a strong stiff heavy quality, they should 

 be ploughed or trenched over three or four 

 times, being exjiosed to the effects of frost, in 

 pretty high ridges, for a winter, in order to 

 bring them into a proper condition, before the 

 crops are put in. A crop of potatoes or beans 

 also assists greatly in bringing them into a pro- 

 per state of pulverization for being planted upon 

 with culinary vegetables. 



When the land is become sufficiently broken 

 down and reduced, the wall- and other trees, as 

 well as different sorts of vegetable crops, may be 

 put in. Some, however, put the fruit-trees in 

 before this has been accomplished ; but it is not 

 a good practice, as they are lia'jle to be injured 

 by the digging which afterwards becomes ne- 

 cessary in preparing the soil. 



in planting wall-trees they should be set at 



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