G E U 



G I L 



Tin-, sixth species has a perennial root, the 

 thickntss of a (iniier, Lccoming woody, dark 

 purple on the outside, round, single, or Ijranch- 

 ed, havinsr nianv long, roiuid, tliickish fibres. 

 Hence springs a bundle of leaves, and several 

 almost upright stems, or rather scapes. These 

 arc all verylot't and smooth, with a very short 

 close down. Most of the leaves are large subpel- 

 tate-sevcn-parted,on ver}'longpetioles ; the U)bes 

 are oblonc", a little narrowed towards the base, 

 serrate-toothed; the edges tinged with pale red; 

 the petiole round, strong, erect ; as are also the 

 scapes, which are somewhat higher than the 

 leaves, silky-tomentose, quite simple, leafless, 

 terminating in two peduncles, or else simply 

 two-flowered : the flowers are large, elegant, 

 deep red, or bright purple ; and the whole plant, 

 when rubbed, emits an agreeable odour. It is 

 a native of Italy, flowering in May and June. 



Culture. — All these plants may be increased 

 either by sowing the seeds or parting the roots. 

 Ill the firs: method the seeds should be sown 

 in the autumn as soon as they are become per- 

 fectly ripe, either in pots, or a shady border, 

 where the soil is light and fine. When the 

 plants have a few inches growth, they may 

 either be pricked out into other pots or beds 

 at five or six inches distance, or be sufl'ered to 

 remain till thefollowmg autunm or spring, when 

 they mav be removetl into other pots, or be set 

 out where they arc to remain, being occasionally 

 supplied with water. 



In the second method, the roots should not 

 be too much divided, and be> planted in the 

 early part of the autumn, where the plants are 

 to remain. 



They are most of them of hardy growth, suc- 

 ceeding in most sorts of soils, requiring little cul- 

 ture, except that of being kept clean from weeds. 



They are all proper for aflfording variety in 

 the borders and other parts of ornamented 

 crounds, and the potted sorts in collections 

 about the house. 



GEUM, a genus containing plants of the 

 herbaceous perennial kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Icosaiidria 

 rolijnyn'ia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Sei)t leasee. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a one- 

 leafed pcrianlhium, ten-cleft, uprightish : seg- 

 ments alternately very small, sharp: the corol- 

 la has five -petals, rounded: claws the length of 

 the calvx, narrow, inserted mto the calyx : the 

 stamina have numerous filaments, subulate, 

 length of the calvx, into which they are inserted : 

 anthers short, broadish, blunt; the iiistillum has 

 nutnerous germs, collected into a head: styles 

 inserted into the side of the germ, (terminating) 



hairy, long : sligmas simple : there is no peri- 

 carpium : common receptacle of the seeds ob-^ 

 long, (columnar,) hirsute, placed on the reflex 

 calvx : the seed- numerous, compressed, hispid, 

 awned, with a Ions stvlc. 



The species are : 1. G. Firgui/armm, Amcii- 

 can Avens; 2. G.wo«/u«W(/«, Mountain Avcnsj 

 3. G. rivale. Water Avens. 



The first has the stem a foot and half or two 

 feet high, branching at top into small peduncles, 

 each terniinattd by a small white flower. It is 

 a native of North America, flowering in July 

 and August. 



In the second species, the root-leaves are in 

 a tuft, on petioles of dift'erent lengths ; these are 

 hairy, and have several pairs of leaflets on them ; 

 the lowest very small, the succeeding ones gra- 

 dually larger, and the pair immediately under 

 tlie great terminating leaflet much bigger than 

 an)' of the rest : the extreme leaflet is two or three 

 inclies in length and breadth, obscurely lobed, 

 gash-serrate, and veined : the leaves of the stem 

 sessile, solitary, alternate, trifid: thepinnas small- 

 er and more crowded than in the others, sessile 

 and gash-serrate : the stem is unbranched, from 

 a span to a foot and half in height : the flowers 

 are large, solitary, spreading, upright, of a yel- 

 low colour. It is a native of France, flowering 

 in June and July. 



There is a variety, w'ith large golden flowers. 



The third has a creeping, reddish, astringent, 

 aromatic root, smelling like cloves : the stem a 

 foot high, upright, round and branched, bending 

 at top, but becoming erect as the fruit ripens : 

 the leaves are lyrate, jagged, gash-serrate and 

 hirsute: stipules undivided or jagged : the pedun- 

 cles purplish, hirsute with hairs terminating in a 

 red globule; becoming less bent as the seeds 

 ripen. It is a native of most countries of Eu- 

 rope ; flowering from May till the autumn. 



It varies with yellow flowers, and with double 

 flowers. 



Culture. — All these plants are capable of being 

 increased, both by seeds and parting the roots. 



The seeds should be sown in the early autumn 

 in the situations where the plants are to grow, 

 or in a shady situation, to be removed when of a 

 proper growth. 



The partings of the roots may be planted out 

 where the plants are to remain in the early part 

 of the autumn, when the weather is niild, and 

 rather moist. 



I'hese plants are hardy, and require little cul- 

 tivation afterwards. 



They aflord ornament and vaiiety in the bor- 

 ders and clumps of pleasure-grounds among 

 other flowering plants. 



G1LL1FL0WER-. See Dianthus. 



