H Y O 



H Y O 



The species is //. Courharil, locust Tree. 

 It is a larcc s|)reacling tree in iis native siiua- 

 lion : it has a large stem, covered wiih a russcl 

 bark, vvliich divides into many spreading 

 branches, garnished with smooth stiff li.aveb, 

 whitli stand by pairi, ilicir hase joining at the 

 toot-stalk, to which tlicy stand oi)li|U(.-, one 

 side being much broader ii>an the other, tlie two 

 outer «iJcs being rounded, and their inside 

 straight, so that they resemble a pair of sheep- 

 shears ; they are pointed at the top, and stand 

 ahernately on the stalk : the flowers are pro- 

 duced in loose spikes at the end of the branches, 

 some of the short ligneous foot stalks support- 

 ing two, and others three flowers, which are 

 composed of five yellow ])eta!s striped wuh pur- 

 ple, succeeded by thick, fleshy, brown pods, 

 shaped like those of the garden bean. It is 

 a native of the West India islands and Ame- 

 rica. 



Between the principal roots of the tree ex- 

 irdes a tine transpaniu resin of a yellowish or 

 red colour, which is collected in large lumps, 

 and called gum Ainnic. It makeii the finest 

 varnish known, by being dissolved in the high- 

 est rectified spirits of w iue. 



Culture. — ^This is propagated by the seeds, 

 which should be sown singly, in pots of a small 

 size, filled with light earth, in the spring, 

 plunging them in the bark hot-bed. When the 

 plants have attained a little growth, they must 

 be removed into the tan bed of the stove, where 

 thev must constantly remain, being managed as 

 other tender plants, little water being given in 

 the winter. Though the plants make much 

 progress at first, thev are soon at a stand, and 

 onlv preserved with difficulty. 

 Thev afford variety in the stove. 

 HYiDSCYAMUS, a genus comprehending 

 plants of the annual, bi.iinial, and perennial 

 herbaceous and shrubby kinds. 

 * Ft beloi.gs to the class and order Pentandr'ia 



Monosyjiia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Liiridcf. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a one- 

 leafed tubular pcrianthimn, ventricosc at bot- 

 tom, with a live-cleft sharp mouth, pennanent : 

 the corolla one-pctalled, funnel-form : tube 

 cylindrical, short : limb from erect, spreading, 

 half- five-cleft : segments obtuse, one broader 

 than the others : the stamina have five awl- 

 shaped filaments, inclining : anthers roundish : 

 the pi;tilli!in is a roundish germ : style filiform, 

 the leni'ih of the stiiinciis : stigma headed: the 

 pericarpium is an ovate capsule, obtuse, marked 

 with a line on each side, two-celled, two cap- 

 sules closely api)roAiniatmg, wiih a lid opemng 

 horizontally : receptaclea luilf ovate, fixed to the 



))artition : the seeds numerous, unequal (irre- 

 gular). 



The *|K:cios cultivated arc : 1 , H. •tiger, Black , 

 or Common Heidiane; 9. II.rt'licul(iliis,E^\p- 

 tian Henbane; 3. H. aliiK, While Henbane; 

 4. /-/. aitreut, Goldcn-ilouered, or Shrubbv 

 Ilenbaiie; b. H. piMlliis, Dwarf Hetihane ; G. 

 //. phtjsnloides, Purple- lituvcred Henbane; 7. 

 U. Scopolia, Nightshade-leaved Henbane. 



The first has long fieshy roots, which strike 

 deep into the ground, and are branched : the 

 bottom leaves are soft, deeply slashed on their 

 edges, and spreading on the ground : the stalks 

 which do not rise till the second spring, have 

 leaves of the same shape, but smaller, and 

 clasping, and arc about two feet high ; on the 

 upper part are flowers standing on one side in a 

 double row, sitting close to the stalk alternatelv. 

 Martyn observes, that the whole plant is cover- 

 ed with unctuous foetid hairs : the corolla is yel- 

 low, or rather pale yellowish brown, beautifully 

 netted with purple veins, and a dark purple eye 

 or base : the shape is irregular, gradually taper- 

 ing into the tube, with five prominent ribs on 

 the outside; the upper segment is the largest, 

 the rest gradually diminishing downwards: the 

 npper incisions are shallow, the lowermost ex- 

 tending half way to the base, and much wider 

 than the rest, it is biennial, forming the root 

 and flower-leaves the first, and the stem and 

 fructification the second season ; a native of 

 most parts of Europe, flow ering in June. The 

 root, herb, and seeds, are said to be poisonous. 

 There is a variety in which the corolla and 

 anthers are of a pure brimstone colour, witnout 

 any tinge of purple. 



The second species rises with a branching 

 stalk two feet high : the lower leaves are regu- 

 larly cut on both sides into acute segments, 

 which are opposite, but the upper leaves are en- 

 tire : the flowers grow at the end of the stalk, 

 in bunches : they are of a worn-out red colour, 

 and shaped like those of the common sort, but 

 their tubes are swollen. Martvn adds, that the 

 whole plant is smooth, resembling the first, but 

 the stem-leaves are ovate, repand, more smooth 

 above; the floral leaves ovate, sessile, entire: 

 the flowers on a very short peduncle; the corolla 

 bell-shaped, red, beautifully netted with dark 

 veins. It is annual, and a native of Egypt, &C. 

 flowering in July. 



The third resembles the first in most circum- 

 stances, but the leaves are more rounded or ob- 

 tuse, petioled, sinuate, very suit, bearded with 

 w bite hairs, as is also the stem : the flowers 

 fewer, the lower ones on longer peduncles, but 

 the upper flowers have very short ones: the ca- 

 Ivx is green, five-toothed, and hairv : throat of 

 3 F 



