I N S 



I N U 



ing provided with a board about eighteen inches 

 square, and a small wooden trowel, takedown the 

 bundles of bean-stalks, one by one, strike them 

 •against the board, and with your trowel kill the 

 Earwigs as they fall out of the stalks. If you 

 follow this up every morning (or every other 

 morning) you wtll be able to keep them under." 



This method answers for any sort of trees 

 infested with Earwigs. In some years lie 

 has " seen a great part of the fruit, espe- 

 cially the smooth-skinned sorts, destroyed by 

 these insects, and a small green caterpillar ; 

 and in a scarce year of fruit, the leaves of 

 peaches are frequently destroyed by them.''" It 

 is advised, that " the shreds taken from trees 

 that have been unnailed in autumn, should be 

 soaked in boiling hot soap-suds for three or four 

 days, previous to their being used again ; as this 

 will kill the eggs of Earwigs and other insects 

 that maybe deposited on them." 



The eighth, Papilio, or Butterfly, belongs to 

 the order Lepidoptera. 



There are a great many species of this genus, 

 mostly distinguished by the colour of their 

 wings. The more common sorts, with their 

 caterpillars, are well known. 



Mr. Forsyth advises, that the caterpillars and" 

 chrysalids should be carefully picked off, and 

 the trees be well watered with clear hme-water 

 and tobacco-water mixed. 



The ninth, Phalcena, or Moth kind, are ex- 

 tremely numerous, their caterpillars differing 

 much in size, shape and colour. After casting 

 their slough several times, all of them spin their 

 cod, in which they are transformed to chrysalids. 

 In this state they are often found rolled up in 

 the leaves of fruit-trees, especially those of the 

 pear, plum, and cherry kind. See Phalcena. 



Of the Sphinx, or Hawk Moth kind, there 

 are a vast number of species. Their caterpillars 

 apply the hinder part of their bodies to the 

 branches of trees, holding the rest erect; hence 

 the name. In general they spin their cod under 



ground. 



They appear early in the morning, or after 

 sun-set, flying heavily, and making a sort of 

 noise. Several of the caterpillars are green, and 

 some brown, yellow, spotted, or belled. See 

 Phalcena. 



The Phalcena nustria, or Lackey Moth, de- 

 posits its eggs in rings or circles round the 

 branches of fruit-trees, having the appearance 

 of a necklace. See Phal^na. 



The tenth, or Thrips, belongs to the order 

 Hemiptera; and there are several species. It 

 is extremely small, so as scarcely to be disco- 

 vered. It produces much mischief on fruit- 

 trees, devouring the fruit as well as the leaves. 



It may be destroyed in the same manner as 

 the Cocci. 



The pernicious effects of these different in- 

 sects, as well astbc means of removing them, will 



be more fully explained in speaking of Those vege- 

 table diseases that are caused by the attack B of 

 insects. See Vegetable Insect Diseases. 



INULA, a genus comprehending plants of 

 the herbaceous and shrubby kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Sy?ige>icsia 

 Polygamic! Superflua, and ranks in the natural 

 order of Composites Discoidece. 



The characters are : that the calyx is common 

 imbricated : leaflets lax, spreading : the exterior 

 ones larger, of equal length : the corolla com- 

 pound, radiated, broad : "corollules hermaphro- 

 dite, equal, very numerous in the disk : females 

 strap-shaped, numerous, crowded, in the ray : 

 proper of the hermaphrodite, funnel-form : bor- 

 der five-cleft, rather upright : female strap- 

 shaped, linear, perfectly entire : the stamina in 

 the hermaphrodite have five filaments, filiform, 

 short : anther cylindric, composed of five smaller 

 linear conjoined ones; each ending below in 

 two straight bristles of the length of the fila- 

 ments: the pistillum in the hermaphrodite is an 

 oblong germ : style filiform, length of the sta- 

 mens : stigma bifid, rather upright : in the 

 females, germ long: style filiform, half bifid: 

 stigmas erect : there is no pericarpium: the ca- 

 lyx unchanged : the seeds in the hermaphro- 

 dites solitary, linear, four-cornered : pappus ca- 

 pillary, length of the seeds : in the females like 

 the hermaphrodites : the receptacle naked, 

 flat. 



The species cultivated are: 1. /. Helenium, 

 Common Inula, or Elecampane ; 2. J. Britan- 

 nica, Creeping-rooted Inula ; 3. I. sa/ici/w, 

 Willow-leaved Inula; 4. 1. Canariensis, Canary 

 Inula; 5. I. sature'w'ules, Savory-leaved Inula; 

 6*. I. ffuticosa, Shrubby Inula. 



The first has a perennial, thick, fusiform, 

 brown, branching, aromatic root ; according to 

 some, biennial : it is one of the largest herba- 

 ceous plants, being from three to five or six feet 

 high, with the stem striated and downy, branch- 

 ed towards the top: the lower leaves on foot- 

 stalks, lanceolate, .i foot long, and four inches 

 broad in the middle; upper embracing, ovate* 

 lanceolate, wrinkled, serrated or toothed, deep 

 green, and slightly hairy above, whitish green 

 and thickly downy beneath: th Bo ■ rinj lv ads 

 very large, single, terminating the stun and 

 branches. It is a natue of Japan, 8tc. flowering 

 in June and July. 



The secji'ii Bpecics has a perennial root: the 

 stem near two feet high, dividing ia the upper 

 part into two or three upright brain lies or pe- 



