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with purple within; border suborbicul'ate, waved, 

 bent in at top, upright: border of the smaller 

 petals ovate, bent down, with the edge frequent- 

 ly bent baek, blunt, of the same colour with 

 the larger ones, but shorter and narrower; the 

 daws bearded within from the flexure to the 

 base with ■brownish-yellow cilias. It flowers at 

 the end of May or beginning of June, and is a 

 native of the Levant. 



The third has the scape round, striated, sim- 

 ple, upright, a foot high and more, bearing two 

 or three flowers : the leaves nerved, subfalcated, 

 obscurely curved on the outer edge : the lower 

 petals connate at the base: the claws of the 

 larger ones thickish, with a thin winged edge, 

 an "inch long, green on the outside, bearded 

 within, with white cilias, yellow at the top: border 

 blunt, emarginate, an inch wide, alittle more in 

 length, hanging down, white, striated near the 

 flexure: smaller petals oblong', from upright 

 bent in with a reflex margin, blunt, emarginate, 

 white : claws thickish, attenuated, greenish. It 

 is a native of the South of Europe, flowering in 

 Mav and June. 



The fourth species has the scape simple, stri- 

 ated, longer than the leaves, a span in height, 

 sustaining two or three flowers, sometimes four : 

 the leaves' subfalcated, acute, striated, from erect 

 patulous : the petals violet-coloured, entire : 

 capsule cylindric, with three streaks. It is a 

 native of Portugal, flowering in April and 

 May, and again in autumn, whence the name. 



The fifth has three or four large bright purple 

 flowers, which stand above each other, and have 

 purplish sheaths : the three bending petals or 

 falls are striped with white from the base to the 

 end of the beard: the capsules are large, blunt, 

 and triangular. It flowers at the end of May. 

 Its native place is unknown. 



The sixth species has the scape striated, 

 scarcely longer than the leaves, a foot and more 

 in height : leaves acute, striated, upright ; the 

 lower ones the length of the s_cape, but the up- 

 per ones gradually shorter : the flowers at the 

 top of the scape divided, alternate, coming out 

 successively, handsome, yellow, netted with 

 black : the upper part of the stem is naked, 

 and divides into three branches, each of which 

 has two or three flowers one above another: the 

 three upright petals or standards are yellow, and 

 the bending petals or falls are variegated with 

 purple stripes. It flowers in June, and is a na- 

 tive of Hungary. 



The seventh has the scape divided at top, 

 larger than the leaves: the leaves reflex-falcated, 

 nerved, an inch wide : the flowers blue, with the 

 smaller petals quite entire, having an agreeable 

 scent : the stalks rise near four feet high, and 



divide into several branches, each supporting 

 three or four flowers, which are covered with a 

 thin sheath ; the three bending petals or falls are 

 of a faint purple inclining to blue, with purple 

 veins running lengthwise : the beard is yellow, 

 and three erect petals or standards are of a bright 

 blue, with some faint purple stripes. It is a na- 

 tive of Germany, flowering in Mav and June. 



The eighth species has the scape divided at top, 

 longer than the leaves, two (or three) feet high : 

 the leaves inflex-falcatcd at top, striated, the 

 upper ones gradually shorter. It resembles the 

 seventh, from which it differs in having the 

 larger petals of a deeper violet colour, and sub- 

 emarginate; the smaller petals emarginate, and 

 of a deeper blue colour: the stigmas acute and 

 serrate, with a blueish keel. It derives the tri- 

 vial name from the smell of the flowers, which 

 is very like that of Elder in bloom. It flow ers 

 at the end of May, and in June, and is a native 

 of the South of Europe. 



In the ninth, the roots are very thick, fleshy, 

 and divided into joints, spreading just under the 

 surface of the ground : they are of a brownish 

 colour on their outside, but white within : the 

 leaves rise in clusters, embracing each other at 

 their base, but spread asunder upwards in form 

 of wings : they are a foot and a half long, and 

 two inches broad, having sharp edges, ending 

 in points like swords : the stalks between these, 

 which are a little longer than the leaves, having 

 at each joint one leaf without a foot-stalk ; these 

 diminish in their size upwards : the stalks divide 

 into three branches, each of which produces two 

 or three flowers one above another at distances, 

 each inclosed in a sheath : they have three large 

 violet-coloured petals which turn backward, and 

 are called falls : these have beards near an inch 

 long on their midrib towards their base, and have 

 a short arched petal which covers the beard, with 

 three broad erect petals of the same colour, call- 

 ed standards : the stamina lie upon the reflexed 

 petals. It flowers in June. It is a native of the 

 South of Europe. 



There are varieties with blue standards and pur- 

 ple falls, with pale purple standards, with white 

 standards, and with a smaller flower. 



The tenth species has a tuberous, creeping 

 root : the stems several, short, inclining upwards, 

 compressed, leafy : the leaves scarcely six inches 

 long, sharpish, a little curved like a sickle at the 

 tips, entire, with a pale membranaceous margin : 

 the flower generally solitary, a little shorter than 

 the leaves, erect, of a pale purplish blue : outer 

 petals drooping, obtuse, blue, with deeper blue 

 spots, crested in the place of the beard with three 

 longitudinal, elevated, waved ribs, variegated 

 with orange and yellow ; inner petals narrower, 



