J U G 



JUG 



them in another hot-bed, treating them as the 

 less tender annual sorts. 



In the second sort, the young branches should 

 belayed down in the spring, when they will have 

 put out roots in about six months ; or cuttings 

 may he planted in a shady border in May, and 

 when they have taken root, removed with earth 

 about their roots to the places where they are to 

 grow. It succeeds best in a dry soil and warm 

 sheltered situation. 



The first affords ornament among the less ten- 

 der annuals, and the latter in the warm borders 

 and clumps in shrubberies. 



JUDAS TREE. See Cercis. 



.1UGLANS, a genus containing plants of the 

 hardy deciduous tree kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Monoecia 

 Pohjandna, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Amentacece. 



The characters are: that in the male flowers 

 the calyx is a cylindrical ament, imbricate- 

 scattered all round, with one-flowered scales, 

 turned outwards : perianthium elliptic, flat, six- 

 parted : segments upright - concave, blunt : 

 there is no corolla : the stamina have many 

 filaments (eighteen to twenty-four, twelve to 

 twenty-four) very short : anthers oval : female 

 flower's heaped: the calvx is a one-leafed peri- 

 anthium, bell-shaped, four-cleft, upright, very 

 short, one-flowered : the corolla one-petalled, 

 four-cleft, upright, acute, a little larger than 

 the calyx : (none :) the pistillum is an oval 

 germ, large, inferior: style very short : (styles 

 two :) stigmas two, large, reflex, jagged at top : 

 the pericarpium is a dry drupe, oval, large, one- 

 celled : the seed a nut, very large, roundish, 

 netted - grooved, half- four-celled : (corticated, 

 two - valved : nucleus four - lobed, variously 

 grooved. 



The species cultivated are : 1. J. regia, Com- 

 mon Walnut-tree; 2. J. alba, White Walnut- 

 tree, or Hickery; 3. J. nigra, Black Walnut- 

 tree. 



The first is a very large and lofty treec, with 

 strong spreading boughs : the leaves pinnate, 

 with a very strong but not unpleasant smell : the 

 leaflets three pairs (sometimes two or four), 

 nearly equal, except that the odd one is larger ; 

 they are entire, smooth, and shining : the male 

 flowers in close, pendulous, subterminating 

 aments : the females scattered, frequently two 

 or three together: fruit an ovate, coriaceous, 

 smooth drupe, inclosing an irregularly grooved 

 nut, which contains a four-lobed, oily, eatable 

 kernel, with an irregular knobbed surface, and 

 Covered with a yellow skin. It is a native of 

 Persia. 



JViartyn remarks, that as " they all vary again 



when raised from the seed, and that as nuts from 

 the same tree will produce different fruit : per- 

 sons who plant the Walnut for its fruit, should 

 make choice of the trees in the nurseries, when 

 they have their fruit upon them." 



There are several varieties, as the Oval Wal- 

 nut, the Round Walnut, the Large Walnut, the 

 Small -fruited Walnut, the Double Walnut, 

 the Early Walnut, the Late Walnut, the Ten- 

 der Thin-shelled Walnut, and the Hard Thick- 

 shelled Walnut. 



The second species has the leaves composed of 

 two or three pairs of oblong lobes, terminated 

 by an odd one ; these are of a light green, and 

 serrate ; the lower pair of lobes are the smallest, 

 and the upper the largest : the fruit is shaped 

 like the common Walnut, but the shell is not 

 furrowed, and is of alight colour. According to 

 some, it is a tall tree. In North America, where 

 it prevails, it is termed Hiccory Nut-tree. 



The third grows to a large size : the leaves are 

 composed of five or six pairs of leaflets, which 

 end in acute points and are serrate ; the lower 

 pair is the least, the others gradually increase, but 

 the pair at top and the terminating leaflet are 

 smaller : these leaves when bruised emit a strong 

 aromatic flavour, as does also the outer cover of 

 the nuts, which is rough, and rounder than that 

 of the first sort. The shell is very hard and 

 thick, and the kernel small, but very sweet to 

 -the taste. 



Culture. — All the sorts are capable of being in- 

 creased by planting the seed or nuts, which in the 

 first sort should be of the best varieties when in- 

 tended as fruit trees, after they are become per- 

 fectly ripe, and have been preserved in dry sand 

 till about theend of February, eitherinslight drills, 

 five or six inches apart in the rows, and a foot 

 distant, or by the dibble, at the same distances, 

 putting them in to the depth of two or three 

 inches^ the ground having been previously well 

 dug over. When the plants have had two years 

 growth in the seed-bed, they should be removed 

 into nursery rows, shortening the tap roots, but 

 preserving the tops entire, putting them at the 

 distance of two feet and a half from row to row, 

 and a foot and half in the rows : they should 

 remain in this situation till they have attained 

 five or six feet in height, training them with 

 single stems ; after which they may be removed 

 into the situations where they are to grow. 



When the trees are intended for timber, it is 

 a good practice to plant them out at once where 

 they are to grow, as they thrive faster, and form 

 better trees. 



In raising the Walnut for fruit, Mr. Bout- 

 cher, however, recommends flat stones, tiler 

 sherds, or slates, to be buried eight inches>deep, 



