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ribs are small and extend towards the sides; flat horizontal surface be left. This they hollow 

 their surface is smooth and shining: they are 

 male and hermaphrodite in Different trees : it is 

 a large tree, with ascending branches : the leaves 

 quite entire, smooth, mostly alternate, but 

 some opposite, petioled. whitish underneath : 

 the flowers white, on simple, long, lateral pe- 

 duncles : the berry small, ovate, dusky or 

 brownish red. It is a native of China, &c. 

 Its wood is in much esteem for carpenters' pur- 

 poses, being easily wrought, light, durable, and 

 not liable to be injured by insects, particularly 

 the toomlang, a species of bee, which, from 

 its faculty of boring timber for its nest, is called 

 the Carpenter 



out, till it is of a capacity to receive a quart : 

 then put into the hollow a bit of lighted reed, 

 and let it remain for about ten minutes, which 

 acting as a stimulus, draws the fluid to that 

 part. Tn the space of a night the liquor tills 

 the receptacle previously made. The trees are 

 soon exhausted. 



The eighth in its native situation is a tree 

 twenty feet high or more, the trunk about six 

 feet high, a foot and a half in diameter, the outer 

 bark smoothish, and of a dusky cinereous co- 

 lour; it has spreading branches that form an 

 elegant head ; but in our stoves it is only of low 

 growth : the leaves are opposite or nearly so. 



The chief of the Camphor used in Europe is ovate-oblong, oblong-acuminate, or sflbovate, 

 prepared from this tree in Japan, by splitting bluntly acuminate, quite entire, shining, coria- 

 the wood into small pieces, and subliming or ceous, on short petioles, from three to live 

 distilling it with water in an iron retort, covered inches long; the three nerves spring from the 

 with an earthen or wooden head, in the hollow petiole, and either immediately recede from each 

 of which they fasten hav or straw, to which the other, or continue united for a line or two and 

 Camphor, as it rises, adheres. This Camphor then diverge ; they are of a bright green on the 

 is brownish or white, but in verv small semi- upper surface, but pale on the under, with the 

 pellucid grains. It is packed up in wooden nerves whitish. On the younger branches or 

 casks, and thus sent to India and Europe, where twigs arise slender common peduncles, from 

 it is purified by a second sublimation, and re- opposite axils, the terminating ones an inch, the 

 duccd into the solid mass as found in the shops, others two or three inches long, three-flowered 

 Native Camphor, or the Capoor Barroos of the at top, or else trilid, with each division three- 

 Malays, is a production obtained in Sumatra flowered : the flowers small, greenish yellow, 

 and Borneo by cutting down the trees, and almost insipid, with a somewhat fcetid smell : 

 splitting them with wedges into small pieces, the fruit the form and size of a middling Olive, 

 theCamphor being found in the interstices in the insipid, deep blue and soft, inclosing a thin, 

 state of a concrete crystallization. Some have pale-coloured nut with a white kernel, which 

 asserted that it is from the old trees alone that germinates soon after it falls, and therefore can- 

 this substance is procured, and that in the young not easily be transported to a distance: the inner 

 trees it is in a fluid state, called meenio capoor bark perfectly resembles the Oriental cinnamon 

 or Camphor oil ; but this is a mistake : the in smell, taste, and figure ; the only difference 

 same sort of tree that produces the fluid does is, that it has a coarser texture, and a more 

 not produce the dry, transparent flaky substance, acrid taste, which may arise from the climate. 

 nor ever would. Thev are readily disfmguished It is a native of Martinico and Brazil, flowering 



by the natives. Many of the trees, however, pro- 

 duce neither the one nor the other. The traders 

 usually distinguish three degrees of quality, by 

 the names of head, belli/, and foot, according 

 to its purity and whiteness. Some add a fourth 

 sort, of extraordinary fineness, of which a few 



in February and March. 



There are several varieties ; but it is the Cey- 

 lon Cinnamon that is chiefly used as a spice. 



The ninth is supposed, according to Marty n, not 

 to be a distinct species from the true Cinnamon. 

 The difference of the bark may, he. supposes, be 



pounds only are imported to Canton, and sell owing to soil or situation, but more probably to 



there at the rate of two thousand dollars the 

 pecul. 



The Common Camphor will evaporate till it 

 wholly disappears ; while that of Sumatra and 

 Borneo, called Native Camphor, though subject 

 to some decrease, does not appear to lose much 

 in quantity from being kept. 



Camphor oil is obtained by the Sumatrans 

 by miking a transverse incision into the tree, to 



want*of skill or attention in the cultivators. The 

 Cassia bark is coarser, and will not roll up like 

 true Cinnamon ; but the essential difference be- 

 tween the bark of Cinnamon and Cassia is, that 

 the former is always dry, whereas the latter be- 

 comes mucilaginous in chewing ; hence it has 

 been suggested here, as a conjecture on the most 

 respectable authority, that the superior excel- 

 lence of Cinnamon bark"mav be in a great mea- 



the depth" of some inches, and then cutting sure owing to its having been deprived of that 

 filopingly downwards from above the notch, till a mucilage which adheres to its interior surface, 



