1 I N 



L I N 



tnc top, raiding the whole according to the 

 height of the frame, from tour or five to six or 

 seven feet ; which heating considerably against 

 the whole back of the frame, communicates 



the heat internally, by which the different plants 

 are forwarded to early production; supporting 



ihe internal heat by renewing the linings. See 

 Forcing Frame. 



Linings of dung are also sometimes used in 

 supporting the heat of nursery hot-beds for 

 youi pple plants, and some other ex- 



otics of the hot-house or stove, both in dung 

 and tan-bark hot beds, under proper frames and 

 glasses ; as well as those wintered in these detached 

 hot-beds distinct from the hot-house, ke. and 

 in which a constant regular heat, almost equal 

 to that of the stow-, must be supported, so that, 

 when the natural heat of the bed is on the de- 

 cline, astronsr lining of hot dungmustbeapplicd, 

 half a vard or two feet wide below, narrowing 

 moderately upward, and continued on both 

 sides occasionally ; and as the heat of these lin- 

 ings subsides, it roust be immediate! v renewed 

 bv a supply of fresh dung, either worked up 

 with the best of that of the declined lining, or, 

 if this is much decayed, wholly of new ; and 

 thus the hot-beds maintained in a proper degree 

 of heat from autumn till spring. 



The decayed dung of the different linings, 

 when done with, becomes excellent manure for 

 the kite hen-garden. 



LIXL'M, a genus containing plants of the 

 herbaceous, annual, and perennial shrubby 

 kinds. 



It belongs to the class and ord; r Pentandria 

 Ptiilagi/nia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Gruinales. 



The characters arc: that the calyx is a live- 

 leaved lanceolate perianthium, upright, small, 

 permanent : the corolla funnel-form : petals 

 five, oblong, gradually wider above, obt 

 more spreading, large: the stamina have live 

 awl-shaped filaments, upright, length of the 

 calyx {also five rudiment?, alternating) : anthers 

 simple, arrowed : the pistillum is an ovate germ: 

 styles five, filiform, upright, length of the 

 stamens : stigmas simple, reflex : the peri- 

 carpium a globose capsule, rudely pentagonal, 

 ten-vahredj gaping at the tip : partitions mem- 

 branaceous, v<_rv thin, connecting the valves : 

 the seed= solitary, ovate-flattish, acuminated, 

 smooth. 



Tin I. L.usitatissimum, Com- 



mon Flax ; -2. L. perenne, Perennial Flai ; 

 L. ntffruticosum, Shrubby Flax ; 4. L. arbo- 

 ratw, Tree Flax: 5. L. Afr'tcanum, African 

 x. 



The first has an annual, simple, fibrous, pale 

 Vol. II. 



brown root : the stem upright, eighteen inches, 

 two feet, and even m >re in height, round, 

 smooth, leafy, branched only at top: the rea > 

 are sessile, growing close together, almost up- 

 right, perfectly entire : the tfowers large, grow- 

 ing in a panicle, on round smooth peduncles : 

 the calvcine leaflets ovateki led, with a mem- 

 branous e a magnified appearing to be 

 fringed with hairs: 'he petals wedge-shaped, 

 deciduous, sky-blue, streaked with deeper-co- 

 loured lines : white a: the claws, and somewhat 

 gnawed at the tir>. It is a native of Egypt, 

 flowerinsi in Jr.de and July. 



It may bcs:'id to be one of the most valuable 

 plants in the w hole vegetable kingd \m ; as from 

 the bark of it; stalks is manufactured flax or lint, 

 for making all sons of linen cloth ; from the 

 cloth, when worn to rags, i- made papers and from 

 the seeds of the plant linseed oil is expressed, 

 which is much used by painters, and in other 

 arts; and the refuse, lfter expression, forms the 

 oil-cakes so valuable in the fattening of cattle 

 and sheep. 



In the second specie3, from its perennial root 

 rise three or four inclining stalks, having short 

 narrow leaves towards their base, but scarcely 

 any about the top: the flowers are producedat the 

 ends of the stalks, sitting very close; they arc 

 blue, and about the size of the cultivated sort, 

 being succeeded by pretty large round seed-ves- 

 sels, ending in acute points. Its flowers appear 

 from June to August, and are of a delicate tex- 

 ture and vcrv elegant blue colour, and the roots 

 continue four or live years. 



There is a variety which is procumbent, with 

 smaller flowers. 



The third has a shrubby stalk a foot high, 

 sending out several branches : the leaves very 

 narrow, coming out in clusters, but on the 

 flowering branches broader and longer : the 

 flowers at the ends of the branches, erect, on 

 Ions slender peduncles.: the calyxes acute- 

 pointed: the petals large, entire, white, but 

 before the flowers open pale yellow : they appear 

 in July, but the seeds seldom ripen in this cli- 

 mate : the flowering stalks decay in the autumn, 

 but the lower shrubbv part continues with the 

 other branches all the year. It is a native of 

 Spain, Sec. 



The fourth species forms, if not a tree, is 

 ii~ name implies, a shrub of the height ol seve- 

 ral feel : it begins to flower in March, and con- 

 tinues flowering to the close of summer j but 

 has not yet produced seeds in this climate. It 

 is ,i native of the island of Candia. 



The fifth has a suffniticose stiff stem, a foot 

 high, round, with simple branches : the '. 



--de, upright, even, generally shorter thatt 

 tv 



