MAR 



MAR 



They afford ornament and variety in stove col- 

 lections. 



MARIGOLD. See Caltha. 



MARJORAM. See Origanum. 



MARLE, a sort of fossile earthy substance, 

 made use of for rendering stiff adhesive garden- 

 lands more open and light. 



It varies much in its nature, some being 

 nearly of the nature of fuller's earth, and of a 

 fat enriching quality, of which there are blue, 

 gray, yellow, and red coloured; but the blue is 

 esteemed the best. In other cases, it has the 

 appearance of a kind of soft stone, or rather slate, 

 of ailueish or gray colour, called stone or slate 

 marie, being found commonly near river-sides, 

 and the sides of hills, &c. and though hard when 

 dug, easily dissolves by rain and frost. There 

 arelikewise calcareous, or shell and claymarles, 

 the latter resembling a fat sort of clay or loam. 

 The last sort is accounted good manure for im- 

 proving light, loose, sandy, garden lands. See 

 Manure. 



MARRUBIUM, a genus containing plants 

 of the shrubby kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Didynamia 

 Gymnospermia, and ranks in the natural order 

 of Vtrticillatce. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a one- 

 leafed, salver-shaped perianthium, rigid, ten- 

 streaked; mouth equal, patulous, often ten- 

 toothed : toothlets alternate, smaller : the co- 

 rolla one-petalled, ringent; tube cylindrical : 

 border gaping, with a long tubular opening : 

 upper lip erect, linear, bifid, acute : lower re- 

 flex, broader, half- three-cleft ; the middle seg- 

 ment broader, emarginate, the lateral ones 

 acute ; the stamina have four filaments, short- 

 er than the corolla, concealed beneath the 

 upper-lip, two longer; anthers simple : the pis- 

 tillum is a four-cleft germ : stile filiform, of 

 the same length and in the same situation with 

 the stamens : stigma bifid : there is no pericar- 

 pium : calyx contracted at the neck, spread out 

 at the mouth, inclosing the seeds : the seeds four, 

 somewhat oblong. 



The species cultivated are: 1. M. Pscudo- 

 Dktammis, Shrubby White Horehound ; 2. 

 M. acetabulosum, Saucer-leaved White Hore- 

 hound. 



The first rises with a shrubby stalk two feel 

 high, dividing into many branches : the leaves 

 are small, sitting pretty close to the stalks : the 

 whorls of flowers not so large as those of the 

 eighth sort: the rim of the calyx flat: the Rowers 

 white : the whole plant very hoary with a dense 

 compact cotton. It is a native of the island of 

 Candia, flowering from June to August. 



The second species has the stems hairy, about 



two feet high: the leaves heart-shaped, rough 

 on their upper side, and hoary on their under, 

 dceplv serrate : the whorls large : the border of 

 the calyx flat ; segments many, membrana- 

 ceous, angular, and rounded at the top : the co- 

 rolla small, pale purple, scarcely appearing out 

 of the caiyx : upper lip erect. Martyn observes - , 

 that after flowering time the border of the ca- 

 lyx grows out till it becomes twice as long as 

 the tube, is naked and membranaceous, not 

 villose as in the first species. It is also a native 

 of the island of Candia, flowering from June 

 to August. 



Culture. — These sorts are capable of being 

 increased by planting cuttings of the young 

 shoots or branches in a shady border in the 

 early spring, as about April. When the plants 

 are well rooted, they may be removed into the 

 places where they are to remain in the early 

 autumn, with earth about their roots ; but it is 

 better to raise them at once in the places where 

 they are to grow : when they grow strongly they 

 should be screened from hard frosts in winter.. 



They continue the longest in poor dry soils, 

 from their having a less luxuriant growth. 



They afford variety in the borders, clumps, and 

 other parts of pleasure grounds. 



MARSH-ELDER. See Viburnum. 



MARSH-MALLOW. See Althaea. 



MARSH-MARYGOLD. See Caltha. 



MARTYNIA, a genus containing plants of 

 the tender herbaceous flowery kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Didynamia 

 jingiospermia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Personatce. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a five- 

 cleft perianthium, unequal, shrivelling : the co- 

 rolla one-petalled, bell-shaped : tube spreading, 

 ventricose, gibbous below at the base, mellife- 

 rous : border five-cleft, obtuse, spreading: seg- 

 ments almost equal ; the lower straight, the 

 lowest more erect, concave, crenate : the sta- 

 mina have four filiform filaments, curved in- 

 wards; the rudiment of a fifth filament within 

 the upper pair of stamens, short like a cusp : 

 anthers connected-converging: the pistillum is 

 an oblong germ : style short, simple, the length of 

 the stamens: stigma two-lobed: the perieapium 

 is a woody oblong capsule, gibbous, quadarangu- 

 lar, two-furrowed on each side, acuminate, with 

 the tip bent back, opening two ways, four or 

 five-celled, inclosing the seeds as in a four-celled 

 nucleus : the seeds several, oblong, berried. 



The species cultivated are: 1. M. diandra, 

 Two-stamened Martynia; 2. M. proloscidea, 

 Hairy Martynia; 3. M. perennis, Perennial 

 Martynia. 



Other species may be cultivated. 



