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with mats, to contain some of these more choice 

 tender kinds in pots, to be nursed a year or two, 

 or longer, with occasional shelter, till gradually 

 hardened to bear the open air. 



The arrangement of all the sorts in the open 

 grounds should always be in lines or nursery- 

 rows, as already suggested ; placing the fruit- 

 tree stocks, &c. for grafting and budding upon, 

 in rows two feet asunder, when for dwarfs ; 

 but for standards two feet and a half, and a foot 

 and a half in the lines. But as after being graft- 

 ed and budded they become fruit-trees, See. 

 where they are to stand to grow to any large 

 size, they should be allowed the width of a yard 

 between the rows. Forest-trees should also be 

 placed in rows from two to three feet asunder, 

 and half that distance in the rows; varying the 

 distance both ways, according to the time 

 they are to stand : the shrub kind should like- 

 wise be. arranged in rows about two feet asunder, 

 and fifteen or eighteen inches distant in each 

 line; and as to the herbaceous plants, they may 

 generally be disposed in four-feet-wide beds, 

 or large borders, in rows, or distances, from six 

 to twelve or eighteen inches asunder, according 

 to their nature of growth, and time they are to 

 stand or remain in them. 



By this mode of arrangement, a great number 

 of plants are included within a narrow com- 

 pass, but which is sufficient, as they are only 

 to remain a short lime; and besides, they are 

 more readily kept under proper regulation. 



In public grounds of this sort, many kinds of 

 seedling-trees and shrubs are planted out often 

 in much closer rows at first than these, not only 

 in order to husband the ground to the best ad- 

 vantage, but by standing closer it encourages 

 the siem to shoot more directly upward, and 

 prevent their expanding themselves much any 

 where but at top; as for instance, many sorts 

 of ever greens that are of slow growth the 

 first yea* or two, such as the pine-trees, firs, 

 and several others ; which the nursery-gar- 

 deners often prick out from the seminary, first 

 into four feet-wide beds, in rows lengthways, six 

 inches asunder; and after having one or two years 

 growth here, transplant them in rows a foot 

 asunder ; and in a year or two alter, give them 

 another and final transplantation in the Nursery, 

 in rows two or three feet asunder, as above : 

 these different transplantings encourage the 

 roots to branch out into many horizontal fibres, 

 and prepare them better for being finally plant- 

 ed out. 



The various sorts of Nursery-plants, after 

 bein^ raised in some of the above methods, are 

 sometimes pricked out by dibble, in other 



cases put in by the spade, either by trenches, 

 slitting-in, trenching, or holing ; and some are 

 drilled in by a spade or hoe, according to the 

 kinds. 



Sometimes young seedling-trees and shrubs 

 are pricked out from the seminary by dibble ; 

 sometimes put in by the spade in the following 

 methods: first, having set a line to plant by, 

 the spade is stricken into the ground with its 

 back close to the line, and another stroke given 

 at right angles with it; then a plant set into the 

 crevice made at the second stroke, bringing it 

 close up into the first-made crevice even with the 

 line, pressing the mould close to it with the foot ; 

 thenproceeding to plant another in the same way, 

 and so on. — A second method, for plants with 

 rather larger roots, is to strike the spade down 

 with its back close to the line, and then cut out a 

 narrow trench with it close along the line, making 

 the side next the line perfectly upright, placing 

 the plants upright against the back of the trench 

 close to the line, at the proper distances ; and as the 

 work proceeds, trimming in the earth upon their 

 roots : when one row is thus planted, the earth 

 should be trodden gently all along close to the 

 plants; and then proceed to plant another row 

 in the same manner. Another method of plant- 

 ing out small tree and shrub plants is, after hav- 

 ing set the line as above, to turn the spade edge- 

 ways to the line, casting out the earth of that 

 spit, then a person ready with plaats, setting 

 one in the cavity close to the line, and directly 

 taking another such spit, turning the earth in 

 upon the roots of the plant, and then placing 

 another plant into the second cut, covering its 

 roots with the earth of a third spit, and so on 

 to the end : but sometimes, when the roots are 

 much larger, holes are made along by the line 

 wide enough to receive the roots freely every 

 way, covering them in as above^ as the work 

 proceeds, always pressing the earth gently with 

 the foot close to the roots, and closing it about 

 the stems, to settle the plants firmly in their 

 proper positions. 



Fibrous-rooted herbaceous plants are mostly- 

 planted with a dibble, except when the roots are 

 large and spreading, or such as are removed with 

 balls of earth ; when they are more commonly 

 planted by holing them in with a garden trowel, 

 or small spade for the purpose. 



But bulibous and tuberous-rooted plants, such 

 as lilies, tulips, anemones, ranunculuses, &c. 

 are commonly planted with a dibbje, and many 

 sorts may be planted in drills drawn with a 

 hoe. 



They are also sometimes planted, by raking or 

 trimming the earth from off the top of the beds 



