O R C 



O R C 



year. The roots should be taken up with ! ^rgc 

 balls of earth round ihem, and be planted again 

 as soon as possible. Thev should also be placed 

 as as that the soils and situations may be as 

 nearly as possible similar to those from winch 

 thev were taken ; those taken from woods being 

 planted out in shadv situations; those from bog^y 

 or niarshv places, in the more moist and boggy 

 parts; and those from dry elevated situations, in 

 such as have the greatest decrees of dryness and 

 are the most open. Thev should afterwards be 

 as little disturbed a* possible by any sort of cul- 

 ture ; — with this sort of management the roots 

 will often continue for several years, flowering 

 annually during t'.ve summer. 



In trie culture of the sixth sort Mr. Curtis 

 succeeded, by taking them up from their natural 

 situations when ia flower, and baring their roots 

 no more than was necessary to remove the roots 

 of other sorts of plants ; then liiling large-sized 

 garden-pjts -\ ith th-ee parts good" moderately 

 stirl" loam and one part chalk mixed well 6 

 ther, passing them through a sieve somewhat Bnei 

 than a cinder sieve, afterwards planting the roots 

 in them to the depth of two inches, and, where 

 there is more than one, three inches apart, water- 

 ing them occasionally during the summer season 

 in dry weather, and on the approach of winter 

 placing the pots under the protection of a frame 

 and elasses in order to prevent their being injured 

 bv wet or frosts. 



They all afford variety, and are highly orna- 

 mental in the clumps, borders, and other parts of 

 shrubberies, kc. 



ORCHARD, a portion of garden-ground set 

 apart for the growth of different sorts of the more 

 common sorts of fruit, but mostly that of the 

 apple kind. The trees in this case are mostly of 

 the standard ku: J, especially when large supplies 

 of fruit are wanted, and generally consist of Apple- 

 trees, Pear-trees, Plum-trees, and Cherry-trees; 

 and, to render it more complete, should contain 

 Ouinces, Medlars, Mulberries, Service-trees, 

 Filberts, Spanish Nuts, and Barberries, as well as 

 Walnuts and Chestnuts. As the two last sorts are 

 well adapted for sheltering the others from hi<rh 

 winds, they should, Mr. Forsyth thinks, be plant- 

 ed in the boundaries of the orchard, a little closer 

 than ordinary, for that purpose. 



In providing trees, especially of the apple kind, 

 for this purpose, too much care cannot be taken 

 to admit of none but such as have good roots, 

 fair clean stems, and proper heads; and at the 

 same time attention should be paid that a proper 

 assortment of the different sorts be procured for 

 the supply of the table during the whole year, a 

 tew of the Summer sorts are sufficient, but more 



of the Autumn, and still a larger quantity of the 

 Winter kind will be necessary ; as upon this ItM 

 sort the chief dependence must be placed from 

 the beginning of the year till nearly the period 

 of the fruit being ready again. 



In districts where the process of cyder-making 

 is conducted upon a large scale, large Qrchafds 

 of apples only are often met with ; and in some 

 counties, as Kent, there are orchards wholly of 

 Cherries, or these and Filberts. In general, how- 

 ever, there ought to be a much larger proportion 

 of Apples than ofany other fruit in orchards, as in 

 proper situations they are very profitable; and, in 

 addition, the trees have a delight:;.! appearance 

 when in blossom, as well as when the lruit is 

 ripe. 



tatum arid Soil. — In respect to situation, 

 an o. chard should rather be elevated than low, as 

 on a gentle declivity ; open to the south and 

 s uth-eaat, to give free admission t<> the air and 

 ravs of the sun r aswcll as dry up the damps 

 and disperse the fogs, in order to render the trees 

 healthy, and give a tine flavour to the fruit. It 

 should likewise be well sheltered from the east, 

 north, and westerly winds, by suitable planta- 

 tions, where not naturally sheltered by hills or 

 rising grounds. Such plantations, when they 

 consist of forest-trees, should neither be too large 

 nor too near the orchard ; as where that is the 

 case they prevent a free circulation of air, 

 which is injurious to the trees. Where the 

 ground does not admit of such plantations, Mr. 

 Forsyth advises planting cross rows of fruit-trees, 

 in the manner directed in gardens, as well as 

 some of the largest-growing trees nearest the 

 outsides exposed to those winds, two or three 

 rows of w hich should, he savs, be planted closer 

 than ordinary, which would greatly shelter those 

 in the interior parts of the Orchard, and be of 

 great service, in addition, to the walnut and 

 chestnut trees, as mentioned above. 



Orchards are planted on many different sorts 

 of <oil and succeed well ; but a dry friable loam 

 is probably the most suitable, as trees of this 

 sort are impatient of moisture. Such as have 

 been mentioned for gardens will answer perfectly 

 well, and such as produce good crops of corn, 

 gras*, or other vegetables, are mostly proper for 

 an Orchard ; ana though the above sort is to be 

 preferred, any of a good quality, not too light 

 or dry, nor wet, heavy, or stubborn, but of a 

 moderately soft and pliant quality, will be found 

 to answer the end perfectly. The shingly and 

 gravelly soils disagree very much with fruit-trees, 

 unless there be loam intermixed with them. 

 They succeed much better on a chalk bottom, 

 or subsoil. On such a soil, Mr. Forsyth, has 



