ORG 



O R C 



should be rubbed off, and not cut, as cutting is 

 apt to increase the number. 



The great enemy to orchards where apples 

 are grown, is Misletoe, and is often permitted 

 to become very injurious to them. The usual 

 method of clearing trees from it, is to pnll it 

 out with hooks in frosty weather, when brittle, 

 and readily broken off from the branches. A 

 labourer is capable of clearing fifty or sixty trees 

 in a day. 



Moss, moist spring frosts, blights, and several 

 other similar causes are highly injurious to 

 this sort of tree, as is shown under these parti- 

 cular heads. 



ORCHIS, a genus containing plants of the 

 hardy herbaceous bulbous-rooted flowery per- 

 ennial kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Gyimndria 

 Diandria, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Orchidece. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a wan- 

 dering spathe: spadix simple: perianthium none : 

 the corolla has five petals ; three outer, two in- 

 ner, converging upwards into a helmet : nectary 

 one-leafed, fastened to the receptacle by the 

 lower side between the division of the petals : 

 upper lip erect, very short ; lower lip large, 

 spreading wide : tube behind horn-shaped, nod- 

 ding : the stamina have two filaments, very slen- 

 der, very short, placed on the pistil : anthers ob- 

 ovate, erect, covered with a bilocular folding of 

 the upper lip of the nectary : the pistillum is an 

 oblong germ, twisted, inferior : style fastened 

 to the upper lip of the nectary, very short : stig- 

 ma compressed, blunt: the pericarpium is an 

 oblong capsule, one-celled, three-keeled, three- 

 valved, opening three ways under the keels, co- 

 hering at the top and base : the seeds numerous, 

 very small, like. saw-dust. 



The species cultivated are: 1. 0. llfolia, But- 

 terfly Orchis ; 2. 0. mono, Female or Meadow 

 Orchis; 3.0. musculo. Male or Early Spotted Or- 

 chis ; 4. O.militaris, Man Orchis; 5. 0. lafifo- 

 lia, Broad-leaved or Marsh Orchis ; 6. 0. macula- 

 tn, Spotted Orchis; 7. 0. cviwpita, Long-spurred 

 Orchis; 8. O. abortiva, Purple Bird's Nest, or 

 Bird's Nest Orchis. 



The first has ovate bulbs, tapering to a point 

 at the base, white within and without ; thick 

 fleshy fibres come out above them from the base 

 of the stem : the stem .t foot or eighteen inches 

 high, smooth, six-angled, three ribs running 

 down from each leaf: leaves usually two, (some- 

 times three,) springing from the root, ovate, 

 blunt, tapering at the base, five or six inches long, 

 and from two to three inches wide, smooth, pale 

 green above, silvery beneath, marked with nu- 

 merous parallel veins : on the stem are three 



or four lanceolate, sessile leaves, the lowest 

 of which are longest : the flowers are numer- 

 ous in a long loose spike. It is a native of 

 Britain, &c. 



The second species has roundish bulbs, the 

 size of a hazel-nut or of a nutmeg, one fixed to 

 the base of the stem, and the other connected to 

 the base by a fibre half an inch long, and the 

 thickness of packthread : above them are largish 

 spreading fibres : the stalk from six or seven 

 inches to a foot or more in height, upright and 

 leafy : the leaves embracing, lanceolate, marked 

 with lines, glaucous, shining on the upper side, 

 underneath silvery ; the bottom ones for the 

 most part turning back and variously contorted; 

 the flowers few, from six to eight, seldom more 

 than twelve, purple, sitting loosely on the stalk. 

 It is a native of this country. 



There are varieties with purple flowers, with 

 red flowers, with violet flowers, with flesh-co- 

 loured flowers, and with white flowers. 



The third has large, oval bulbs, both fixed to 

 the base of the stem, which is about a foot high, 

 round, smooth, upright, solid, above naked and 

 purplish, below clothed with surrounding leaves; 

 these are lanceolate, alternate, broadish, the 

 lower ones sheathing at the base, spreading up- 

 wards, bright green and shining above, glaucous 

 beneath, marked longitudinally with parallel 

 veins, and usually spotted with large brown or 

 dark purple spots : the upper leaves closely sheath 

 the stem, and are pale green : the flowers in 

 a loose spike, numerous. It is a native of 

 England. 



The fourth species has the stem about one 

 foot high, round and smooth : the leaves about 

 four, sheathing, acutely lanceolate, the three 

 lower spreading, the upper one closely embra- 

 cing,bright green, with numerous parallel veins: 

 the spike from one to two inches long, with 

 numerous flowers : bractes very short, membra- 

 naceous, oval but pointed, and terminated with 

 an awn : petals all convergent, three exterior 

 large and broad, oval-lanceolate, acute, two in- 

 terior, narrow, linear or somewhat awl -shaped, 

 all greenish white with purple lines: lip of the 

 ncctarium purplish, or white with purple dots, 

 long and narrow, divided intothree segments, the 

 twoouter near the upper part linear, half as long 

 as the lip, the lower again slightly divided into 

 three, the two outer broader, rounded, slightly 

 serrate, the middle one appearing like a spine : 

 horn blunt, half as long as the germ : cases to 

 the anthers distant : the anthers yellow. It is a 

 native of Britain. 



There are several varieties. 



The fifth has broad and flat bulbs, divided intoa 

 few fingers, which sometimes run out into a long 

 6 



