PAP 



PAP 



sort for the purpose of preparing opium from it, 

 " the seed was sown at the end of February, and 

 Again the second week in March, in beds three 

 foot and a half wide, well prepared with good 

 rotten dung, and often turned or ploughed, in 

 order to mix it well, and have it fine, either in 

 small drills, three in each bed, or broadcast ; in 

 both cases, thinning out the plants to the di- 

 stance of a foot from each other, when about 

 two inches high, keeping them free from weeds." 

 They produced from four to ten heads each, 

 and showed large flowers of different colours. 

 " With an instrument something like a rake, 

 but with three teeth, the drills may, he says, be 

 made at once." He found that the plants did 

 not bear transplanting ; as, out of 4000 which he 

 transplanted, not one plant came to perfection. 



The roots of the two last sorts may be divided 

 in the autumn, or spring, (but the first period is 

 the better,) leaving some root fibres to each part- 

 ing, planting them out where they are to remain, 

 as soon afterwards as possible. 



In all the sorts the plants only require after- 

 wards to be kept free from weeds, and those 

 raised from seed properly thinned out. 



They all afford ornament and variety in the 

 clumps, borders, and other parts of pleasure 

 grounds and gardens ; and the first sort may 

 sometimes be grown to advantage for the pur- 

 pose of having the juice which it affords made 

 .into opium. 



PAFAW-TREE. See Carica. 



PAPER-FRAMES, such as are formed with 

 oiled paper upon a slight frame-work of thin 

 •slips of wood. 



They are useful for several purposes in the 

 earlv spring and summer season; such as in de- 

 fending late hot-beds, and sometimes in parti- 

 cular natural ground beds of curious tender 

 ^plants, seeds, cuttings, See. 



In making them when formed as above, either 

 in a ridge manner, with two sloping sides, 

 longways, or arch -fashion, in dimensions from 

 live to ten feet in length, three to four in width, 

 and two to three feet in perpendicular height; 

 the wood-work is covered with large sheets of 

 strong white paper pasted on securely, and when 

 ■dry, brushed over regularly with linseed oil, to 

 resist and shoot off the falling wet of rains and 

 dews, and to render them more pellucid, so as to 

 admit the rays of light and the heal of the sun 

 in a proper degree. When thus prepared and 

 perfectly dry, they are ready for placing over the 

 teds, for the purposes required ; in which the 

 paper continues durable generally only one sea- 

 son ; but the frame-work will last several years, 

 'by being fresh papered. 



These kinds of temporary Frames are also use- 

 ful in some of the hand-glass crops of melons, 

 and occasionally in those of cucumbers, but more 

 generally in the former; which alter having ad- 

 vanced in growth, to fiil and extend beyond the 

 compass of the hand-glasses, they should be re- 

 moved , and the Paper-frames placed over the bed, 

 covering it wholly in width and length, the run- 

 nersof the plants being traincdout regularly along 

 the surface; continuing them constantly over the 

 plants, which are thereby protected from external 

 injuries, and inclement weather, either cold or 

 excessive rains, winds, &c, likewise from the too 

 powerful heat of the sun. See Cucumis Melo. 



They may also be used for late hot-bed cu- 

 cumbers, when in want of garden-frames or 

 hand-glasses for the purpose, being placed over 

 the bed, at once, finally to remain : and with 

 proper care in giving occasional air, water, and 

 covering over the frames with mats in cold 

 nights, and very hard rains, &c, cucumbers 

 may be raised in a tolerable manner. 



They may likewise be employed occasionally, 

 in default of others, in the raising most of the 

 less hardy or tenderer annuals, both in sowing 

 them in hot-beds and warm borders of natural 

 earth. 



Paper-frames may likewise be used advanta- 

 geously in pricking-out many sorts of small 

 tender seedling plants in the hot summer 

 months, to defend them from casual unfavour- 

 able night air, heavy rains, &c., and afford a 

 fine growing shade from the hot rays of the mid- 

 day sun. The same kind of frames may still 

 further be beneficial in raising many sorts of 

 tender exotics, from small cuttings and slips in 

 summer, both of the woody, herbaceous and 

 succulent kinds, either planted in hot-beds or in 

 the natural earth, as the different kinds may 

 require ; which being covered close with them, 

 they exclude the outward air, admit the light 

 aid influence of the sun in a proper degree, and 

 at the same time afford a peculiar kindly shade. 



They are chiefly made in the forms mentioned 

 above, in an open manner, having the ribs or 

 spars twelve inches asunder, first forming a 

 bottom frame, rather stronger than the other 

 parts, with a ridge-piece supported at a proper 

 height, extending longways in the middle; then 

 narrow side rafters, arranged from the bottom 

 to the ridge rail at top, a foot distant, both for 

 the advantage of pasting the paper regularly, 

 and to admit a proper degree of light between 

 them, through the paper: but when of great 

 length, it is proper to have one or two pannels 

 on one side, eighteen inches or two feet in 

 width, to open outward with hinges, convenient 



