PAS 



PAS 



The layers should be laid down from some 

 of the branches in the common way in the 

 spring, when they will readily emit roots, and 

 make proper plants by autumn ; when, or ra- 

 ther in spring following, they should be taken 

 off and transplanted either into pots in nursery 

 rows, or where they are to remain. 



The cuttings should be made in February or 

 March from the strong young shoots, in length 

 from about eight to ten or twelve inches, plant- 

 ing them in any bed or border of common 

 earth, giving frequent watering in dry weather, 

 and when sunny and hot, if in a situation ex- 

 posed to them, a moderate shade of mats will 

 be of much advantage. They will emit roots 

 at bottom, and shoots at top, and become good 

 plants bv autumn, allowing them the occasional 

 shelter of mats, &c. during the winter's frost; 

 and in the spring let them be planted out. If a 

 quantity of these cuttings be planted close, and 

 covered down with hand-glasses, it will forward 

 their rooting; observing, however, when they 

 begin to shoot at top, to remove: the glasses, in 

 order to admit fresh air. 



The second and third, or green-house kinds, 

 may be increased by seed, layers, and parting 

 the roots : the seed, obtained from America, 

 should be sown in pots in March or April, 

 plunging them in a hot-bed to raise the plants, 

 which afterwards inure to the open air in sum- 

 mer, giving them the shelter of a green-house 

 or frame in winter; and in the spring following 

 plant some out in pots, placing them among 

 the green-house plants; and others may be 

 planted in the full ground, under a warm fence, 

 to take their chance. 



The layers should be made in the summer 

 from young shoots, which will readily grow, 

 and become good plants for potting off in au- 

 tumn. The parting the roots should be done in 

 spring, before they begin to shoot. The second 

 tort multiplies exceedingly by its creeping roots; 

 which should be divided into slips, and planted 

 in a bed of rich earth till autumn, when some 

 should be transplanted into pots for occasional 

 shelter in winter. 



All the other more tender stove kinds are ca- 

 pable of being increased by seeds, lavers, and 

 cuttings : The seeds are procured chiefly from 

 abroad; and should be sown in spring in pots, 

 plunging them in a hot-bed, or in a stove bark- 

 bed : the plants soon appear, which, when three 

 inches high, should be pricked out in separate 

 small pots, giving water, and re-plunging them 

 in the hot-bed, occasionally shading them till 

 rooted : as they advance in growth, they should 

 be shifted into larger pots, and be retained con- 

 stantly in the stove. 



The layers should be made from the young 

 branches in the spring or beginning of summer, 

 which will readilv grow, and be fit to pot off 

 separately in autumn. 



The cuttings should be made in the spring or 

 summer, from the voung 'hoots, planting them 

 in pots, plunging them in the bark-bed, and 

 giving water frequently; when most of them will 

 take root, and be fit to pot off singly in autumn. 



In respect to their general culture ; as in se- 

 vere winters, in the first sort, the branches, 

 if not duly protected, are sometimes killed, it is 

 advisable at such times, whilst the plants are 

 young in particular, to give them the shelter of 

 mats during the inclement season, and protect 

 their roots with drv litter laid over the ground; 

 carefully uncovering their branches as eoon as 

 the frost breaks: this covering, however, is only 

 necessary in very severe frosts. 



The green-house sorts should generally be 

 potted, to move to shelter in winter, either of 

 a green-house, or deep garden-frame: some 

 plants of each sort may also be planted in the 

 full ground, in a warm border, to take their 

 chance; covering the ground over their roots in 

 severe weather ; and in the different orders of 

 planting, placing stakes for the support of their 

 climbing growth in the summer. And all the 

 stove kinds must constantly be kept in pots, 

 placed in the stove, and for the most part 

 plunged in the bark-bed; placing strong stakes 

 for the purpose of training the branches to, and 

 managing them as other stove-plants of a si- 

 milar growth. See Stove-Plants. 



The first sort is highly ornamental in the 

 open ground when trained against southern 

 walls, 8cc. ; and those of the green-house, and 

 stove kinds, among other plants in these col- 

 lections. 



PASTINACA, a genus containing plants of 

 the herbaceous esculent kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Pentandria 

 Dlgynia, and ranks in the natural order of Um- 

 lellatce or Umhelliferce. 



The characters are : that the calvx is an uni- 

 versal umbel, manifold, flat : partial manifold : 

 involucre universal none : partial none : perian- 

 thium proper obsolete : the corolla universal 

 uniform: florets all fertile : proper of live lance- 

 olate involute entire petals : the stamina have 

 five capillary filaments : anthers roundish : the 

 pistillum is an inferior germ : styles two, reflex: 

 stigmas blunt : there is no pericarpium : fruit 

 compressed llat, elliptic, bipartite : the seeds two, 

 elliptic, girt' round the edge, almost flat on both 

 sides. 



The species cultivated are : 1 . P. saliva, Com- 

 mon Parsnepj 2. P. Ofjopanuj-, Rough Parsnip. 



