PAS 



PAS 



In the first, in the wild plant, the root is 

 biennial, simple, whitish, putting forth sonic 

 h c fibres from the side: tire sum single, three 

 or four reet high, erect, rigid, angular, pu- 

 '. scent, bollow,*branched : the leaves alternate, 

 smaller than those of the cultivated kind, 

 and of a darker green ; in open situations pu- 

 1 scent, especially die root-leaves: the flow- 

 ering-branches come out from the axils of the 

 1 aves from top to bottom, supporting umbels 

 which are smaller than that which terminates 

 the stem: the flowers small, yellow, with infiex 

 ; . »r petals. 



~h is a native of most parts of Europe; but 

 the garden or cultivated variety has smooth 

 leaves, of a light or yellowish grem colour, in 

 v.hirh it dirfeis from the wild plant : the "talks 

 also rise higher, and are deeper channelled : the 

 peduncles an much longer, and the rlo.\crs of 

 •a deeper yellow colour: the roots are sweeter 

 than those of carrots, and are much eaten by 

 those who abstain from animal food in Lent, or 

 eat salt-fish; and are highly nutritious. Hogs 

 are fond of these roots, and cattle will eat them. 



The second species has a perennial root, as 

 thick as the human arm, yellow, branched: the 

 branches an inch or an inch a. id half in thick- 

 r. --. .1 foot and half in length, lubercled, with 

 a corky bark : the stem from three feet to the 

 height of a man, the thickness of a finger, stri- 

 ated, covered at the base with scariose mem- 

 branaceous scales, like the Terns; in other parts 

 very smooth and shining; angular at top, cspe- 

 cially at the branches. Primary (or root) leaves 

 quite simple, cordate, acutely crenate: the others 

 ternate or qumate, with the end leaflet always 

 -cordate and vcrv lartre ; the lateral ones ob- 

 liquely cordate, with the upper lobe shorter: 

 the lowest stem-leaves more compound, consi- 

 dered as a wltoie triangular, two feet loiig, bi- 

 pinnate, having five pinnules on each ^x\<.-; the 

 lowest pinna pinnate, commonly with live leaf- 

 lets, the end cue cordate, the rest sessile and 

 obliquely cordite: the leaflets are an inch to 

 two inth''s lone? the other pinnules are first 

 temate, then simple. The other stem-leaves 

 decrease, and are first qumate, next ternate, 

 and at the branches simple. Petiole of the 

 root-leaves from the sheath to the first pinna 

 flattijb above and thence angular-keeled; on 

 the contrary, that of the branch-leaves is fur- 

 rowed. Sheaths ited, in the root-leaves 

 ■very stri^fo?e : iu the stem-lea th. All 

 the leaflet- are hairy, especially at the b u k. At 

 the flowering-branches there are eous 

 sheaths, which are naked, or destitute of It 

 The u nil v smooth ; 

 firsi alternate, erect, then two, three, or four 

 Vol. II. 



together in a sort of whorl, two or three inches 

 long, with one or two spathaceous leaflets lo- 



the middle, or at the top. The unr 

 umbels have usually seven or eight rays, an inch 

 long, of a yellowish green colour: the I 



flatT with the rim thicker, three or four lines m 

 diameter, and a little longer: the juice is yel- 

 low, bearing no marks of a resinous or aro- 

 matic principle. It Hows out where either the 

 leaf or stalk is broken. Tiny arc both very 

 rough : the p rmer dark green, the latter - 



bt feet high : the stalks divide towards the 

 top into many horizontal branches, each ter- 

 minated by a large umbel of yellow flowers; 

 which appear in July. It is a native of the 

 south of Europe. 



It commonly ripens its seeds in this climate, 

 and its juice manifests some of the qualities dis- 

 covered in the officinal Opopanax : but it is 

 only in the warmer regions of the East, where 

 this plant is also a native, that the juice con- 

 cretes into this gum-resin. It is obtaim 

 means of in made at the bottom oi the 



stalk. 



( 'lire. — Tnth: first sort it isea-ily effected by 

 sowing fresh seed in the latter end of February, 

 or beeinnine of the following month, u] 

 bed prepared in a spot of the best light, rich, 

 deep soil, in one of the most open airy quarters of 

 the garden, bv being trenched one full spade 

 deep" at least, or if two the better, provided the 

 depth of good staple admit, that the roots may 

 have a due depth of loose soil to run down 

 straight to their full length. And if the ground 

 be previously trenched up in rough ridges in 

 winter, especially where stilt" or wet, 

 exposed some time to the sun and air, it \\ ill 

 be much improved for this purpose. At the time 

 of sowing, the ground should be made lei 

 even on The surface, but no! i alter the 



seed is sown, which should be. performed while 

 the ground is fresh stirred, or before 

 facebecomes too dry, so as, in r. . clods 



will readily fall under ti.e rake to bur} 



regularly. 



The seed should be sown broad-cast t! 

 either all over the surface, or the ground m.-y 

 be divided into four-feet-wide bed-. 

 convenient, but for la: ge quantities the former 

 is the most eligible practice. As soon as 

 sowingis done, if liebt ground, it is the pr 

 with some to Head down Is evenrj . 



finish with an even good raking, to cover all the 

 Is equally, - n g the surface. In about 



three weeks the seeds begin to germinate, 

 the plants soon appear round". When 



they are two or three in ■ 



be thinned to regular distances, and cl 

 S ( 



