P I s 



P I s 



without protection, but should always be ex- 

 posed to the air in mild weather : they shed 

 their leaves in autumn, and therefore should not 

 have much wet in winter. In the spring, before 

 the plants begin to shoot, they must be removed 

 each into a separate small pot ; and be plunged 

 into a very moderate hot-bed, to forward their 

 putting out new roots. As soon as they begin 

 to shoot, they mint be gradually hardened, and 

 placed abroad again. 



These plants may be kept in pots three or 

 four years till thev have got strength, during 

 which time they should be sheltered in winter; 

 and afterwards be turned out of the pots, and 

 planted in the full ground, some against high 

 walls to a warm aspect, and others in a shel- 

 tered situation, where they bear the cold of our 

 ordinary winters very well, but in severe frosts 

 are often liable to be destroyed. The trees 

 flower and produce fruit, but the summers are 

 seldom warm enough to ripen the nuts. 



The third sort is also capable of being in- 

 creased by laying down the young branches, 

 which, if properly managed, put out roots in 

 one year, and may be cut off from the old plants, 

 and be planted out into separate small pots. 

 These must be sheltered in winter, and in sum- 

 mer placed abroad in a sheltered situation, and 

 treated in the same way as other hardy kinds of 

 green-house plants. 



When raised from seeds they should be taken 

 from trees growing in the neighbourhood of the 

 male plants, as otherwise they will not grow. 

 When these plants have obtained strength, 

 some of them may be turned out of the pots, 

 and planted against warm walls ; wdicre, if theiF 

 branches are trained against them, they endure 

 ordinary winters very well, and with a little 

 shelter in severe winters may be preserved with 

 safety. 



Thev are curious and ornamental in different 

 situations. 



PISUM, a genus comprising plants of the 

 hardy herbaceous kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Dio<lelp/iia 

 Decandriu, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Papilionaeece or Lcgumijioste. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a one- 

 leafed, five-cleft, acute, permanent perianthium : 

 the two upper segments shorter: the corolla is 

 papilionaceous: standard very broad, obcordate, 

 reflex, emarginate with a point: wings two, 

 roundish, converging, shorter than the standard : 

 keel compressed, semilunar, shorter than the 

 wings; stamina have diadelphons filaments ; 

 one simple, superior, flat, awl-shaped : and 

 nine awl-shaped below the middle united into a 



cylinder which is cloven at top : anthem round- 

 ish: the pistillum i< an oblong, comp; 

 germ : style ascending, triangular, membrana- 

 ceous, keeled with the sides" bent outwards : 

 stigma growing to the upper angle, oblonir, 

 villose : the pericarpium is a large legume, long, 

 roundish or compressed downwards, with the 

 top acuminate upwards, one-celled, two-valved: 

 the seeds several, globular. 



The species are: 1. P. sativum, Common 

 Pea j 2. /'. maritimum, Sea Peaj 3. P.Ochrus, 

 Yellow-flowered Pea. 



The lirst has an annual, slender, fibrous root : 

 the stems hollow whilst young, brittle, branched, 

 smooth, weak, climbing by terminalinfj ten- 

 drils: leaves abruptly pinnate, composed usually 

 of two pairs of leaflets, which are oval and 

 smooth: the stipules large, surrounding the stem 

 or branch : the flowers lateral, two or three to- 

 gether on long peduncles: the corolla white, 

 greenish white, purple or variegated : the le- 

 gumes commonly in pairs, about two inches 

 long, of an oblong form, smooth, swelling at the 

 straight suture, where the seeds are fastened, 

 flatted next the other suture, which arches, espe- 

 cially towards the end : the seeds from five or 

 six to eight or nine, commonly globular, but in 

 some varieties irregular or approaching to a 

 cubic form, smooth, white, yellow, blue, gray, 

 brown, or greenish, with a small oblong umbi- 

 licus : the colour of the whole plant is glaucous, 

 or hoary green, from a wdiite meal which cover- 

 it. It is said to be a native of the South of 

 Europe. 



There arc two principal varieties, the while 

 and gray; and several sub-varieties, the principal 

 of which are : 



Early kinds. — The Early Golden Hotspur ; 

 Early Charlton Hotspur; Nichols's Early Gold- 

 en Hotspur; the Early Charlton ; the Head in 2 

 Hotspur; Masters's Hotspur; O.-mrod's Hot- 

 spur; Early Dwarf Hotspur; Leadman's Dwarf; 

 Fan Spanish Dwarf; Early Dwarf Frame Pea; 

 Pearl Pea; Cluster Pea; Royal Green Pea; 

 Li-sex Hotspur; the Dwarf 1'ea ; the Sugar 

 Pea. 



Late kinds. — Spanish Morotto : Nonpareil ; 

 Sugar Dwarf; Sickle Pea; Marrowfat; Dwarf 

 Marrowfat; Rose or Crown Pea; Rouncival 

 Pea; Gray Pea; Large Gray Pea; Crooked Grav 

 Pea; Long-bearing Pea; Green Field 

 White Field Pea : Pig IVa. 



v of the lirst sub-varieties are very early, 

 and, being low growers, require sticks of three 

 or four feet only in height, and often not - . 

 much. New varieties of these arc raised almost 

 every war, which, because they differ in • 



