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P L A 



towards the boundaries of lawns, parks, pad- 

 clocks. Sec. others in rvalues, groves, thickets, 



and clumps, variously disposed in different 

 parts ; and sometimes the trees and shrubs toge- 

 ther, forming shrubberies, w ildemesses, shady 

 walks, and wood -works ; placing those of taller 



growth backward, and the lower in front ; bor- 

 deriiiir the whole with the most beautiful flow- 

 ering shrubs and showy cver-grcens, especially 

 next the principal walks and lawns, varying the 

 form of all the several compartments, sometimes 

 by moderate sweeps and curves outward and in- 

 ward, of different dimensions, other parts in 

 long easv bends, varied projections and breaks, 

 so as to diversify the scene in imitation of natu- 

 ral Plantations. The proper distances, in plant- 

 ing, may be from live or ten to fifteen or twenty 

 feet : for example, the tall trees designed for 

 continued Plantations may be from ten to fifteen 

 or twenty feet, varying the distance in difTerent 

 parts, according to light and shade, See. and 

 those in groves, where open mav be fifteen or 

 twenty feet distance, and where close ten or 

 twelve; for thickets, five or six feet, or closer 

 in particular places where a very dark shade or 

 thick coverture of wood is required ; and in 

 clumps of trees, from five or ten to twenty feet 

 between the trees in each clump, varying the 

 distance occasionally, according to growth, as 

 also the sorts and numbers of trees in each, from 

 two or three, to five, ten, or more. The form 

 of the clumps may sometimes be triangular, at 

 other times quadrangular, pentangular, Sec. and 

 some in curves, others in straight lines, to cause 

 the greater variety. And in shrubbery clumps, 

 and wilderness compartments, where the trees 

 and shrubs are employed promiscuously, they 

 may be planted from iive to ten feet distance ; 

 the taller growths being placed backward eight 

 or ten feet asunder, placing the lower plants 

 gradually forward according to their gradations, 

 to the lowest in front, as above, at four or five 

 feet distance : and if the trees and shrubs of the 

 plantations in general are disposed somewhat in 

 the quincunx way, they appear to the greater 

 advantage, and produce a better effect. 



But wheu large Plantations are to be formed 

 into woods, &c. composed principally of forest 

 and timber trees for profit, particular sorts must 

 be chosen, consisting of deciduous and ever- 

 green trees. Of the first kinds the oak, elm, ash, 

 beech, chesnut, hornbeam, birch, alder, ma- 

 ple, sycamore, plane, poplar, lime, walnut, 

 wild cherry, mountain-ash, larch, willow, hazel, 

 Sec. and of the latter sort, the pine, firs, cedar 

 of Lebanon, holly, bay, laurel, yew, ever-green 

 onk. box tree, and some others. See FoRtsT 



i'llt.KS. 



In forming woods, or Plantation-, of timber- 

 there are two methods chiefly practised : 



one is by raising the trees from seed at once on 

 the ground where the Plantation is intended to 

 specially the deciduous kind, and which is 

 effected bv sowing the seed in drills, a yard 

 asunder, the plains remaining where raised, 

 thinning them gradually : the other method is 

 bv previously raising the plants in a nursery, till 

 two or three tea high, then transplanting them 

 into the places allotted them, in rows at the 

 above distance, to al\p\v also for gradually thin- 

 ning. Lather of these methods maybe practised, 

 as most convenient; but the former, or that of 

 raising the plants where they are to remain, 

 though it may he more expeditious, and at once 

 gets rid of the trouble of transplanting, will 

 require greater attendance for a few years, till 

 the plants have shot up out of the way of weeds ; 

 but the trees, from their alwavs remaining where 

 raised, without being disturbed by removal, may 

 probably make a greater progress. The latter 

 method, or that of raising the trees first in a 

 nursery, is rather the most commonly practised, 

 a< being thought the least troublesome and ex- 

 pensive, with regard to the attendance at first 

 of the young growth. 



The preparation of the ground for the final 

 reception of the seed or plants, is mostly per- 

 formed bv deep ploughing and harrowing, upon 

 such ground as the plough can be employed 

 on; but, where this or other tillage is not prac- 

 ticable, only young plants from the nursery can 

 be used, digging holes, Sec. at proper distances, 

 one for the reception of each plant: where, how- 

 ever, the ground can be tilled, it will prove very 

 advantageous bv performing it a year before ; 

 sowing it with a crop of turnips, or others of a 

 similar kind; and when these come off plough- 

 ing and harrowing the ground again, for the re- 

 ception either of the seed or plants the ensuing 

 season. 



The most proper season for performing this 

 sort of planting, either by seed or plants, is 

 any time in dry mild weather, in the autumn, 

 as from October till February, or later on moist 

 soils. Where large tracts are to be planted, both 

 the seed and plant methods must be pursued all 

 winter, at every favourable opportunity. 



The seeds mav be put in, in furrows or drill? 

 one to two or three inches deep, and three >r 

 four feet asunder, scattering them along the 

 middle of the drills, and covering the earth 

 evenly over them, the depth of the drill* or fur- 

 rows ; but sometimes the seeds are scattered or 

 sown promiscuously over the general SUl 

 and harrowed into the ground, being well pro- 

 tected from birds and vermin. 

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