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trees, especially large oiks, he considers it to 

 be of great consequence that they be pla . . 



the same position (that is, having the same parts 

 facing the same points of the comp; 

 merly. [f notice be taken when a tree is cut 

 down, it will, he says, be found that three parts 

 : mt of the grew th are on the north side. 

 When ii . d to plant them against a wall, 



they should never he eut in the side-shoots, but 

 on!) the roots ; by this method the trees will, lie 

 says, bear fruit the first year alter transplanting, 

 and there will be a great savins: of time and 

 money. lie has often transplanted old Plum- 

 trees that have been headed down that have 

 made very line routs, which he has divided, and 

 thereby obtained four or five trees from one, 

 cutting the - ..- ;o form them into fine heads. 

 " Some that Acre transplanted in 1 70S were in 

 full blossom in 1 799, producing some fruit, 

 and in 1600 bearing a full crop." 



It is recommended further by the same author, 

 that " the ground in the borders and quarters 

 where fresh trees arc to be planted should be 

 well trenched, two spits deep at least, to give the 

 roots room to run into the fresh-stirred ground." 

 And he says that when trees arc planted with- 

 out stirring the mould they seldom thrive well. 

 He advises that " when Plum-trees are plant- 

 ed for standards in an orchard which is to be 

 kept for grass, they should be in rows at the di- 

 stance of twenty yards from each other. If in 

 the kitchen -garden for standards, he would al- 

 ways recommend the plantina; of dwarfs." The 

 tree may be trained up to have a stem of about 

 three feet high, at the distance of seventeen 

 yards. " If the garden is laid out with cross- 

 walks, or foot-paths, about three feet wide, 

 the borders should be made six feet broad, plant- 

 ing the trees in the middle of them. In the 

 ro\al gardens at Kensington, which are very 

 long and narrow, and where the winds are very 

 hurtful, he has, he says, planted two rows of 

 apple-trees, intermixed with other fruit-trees, 

 alternately, one row on each side of the middle 

 walk (which runs the whole length of the <rar- 

 . at the distance of seventeen yards from 

 •each other. He has also made cross-walks of 

 three feet broad at the distance of seventy yards, 

 with borders on each side six feet a ide, having 

 two rows of trees in each border, about twelve 

 or fourteen feet asunder. The-e dwarf-trees are 

 very useful in breaking the force of high winds, 

 and are at the same lime of such a height that 

 a man standing on the ground may gather the 

 fruit. As Plum-trees may be planted in the 

 same manner and for the same purpose as the 

 above, he can have the quarters clear for crops 

 for the kitchen, and a free air be admitted, which 

 Vol. II. 



can never be had where espaliers are planted 1 

 Dwarf Standards can, t. be k< pi to 



what size you pkase; they lo.ik much hand- 

 somer than espaliers, and produce a greater 

 quantity of fruit." 



In rtgard to the method of managing and 

 restoring old decayed trees of t!. 

 marks that he has I " some of them 



which were so far decayed as to haw onlv 

 from one to two or three inches of hark left : 

 are now completely filled up with sound wood, 

 with large heads, which at four years' growth 

 tilled a wall sixteen feet high, and are at this 

 t.nie full of line Fruit; some of the 

 several inches in circumference, bearing treble 

 the crops produced bv young trees that have 

 been planted three times as Fonj as they have 

 been headed down. Where thetnmks are be- 

 come hollow, he always cuts out all the loose 

 rotten parts, and also examines the roots, cut- 

 ting off what is rotten, injured, or decayed. 

 This method should, he says, be pursued with 

 all hollow and decaved trees; and, if properly 

 executed, they maybe so completely filled up, 

 as scarcely to leave a mark behind, even where 

 the wood is totally decayed. He has had shoots 

 from trees of this sort which have been headed, 

 that have grown upwards of seven feet long, and 

 as large as a walking-stick, in one summer : 

 this should never be suffered; but they should 

 be pinched off with the finger and thumb, in 

 the beginning of June, close to an eve or a 

 bud, unless the wall be filled to the top ; in 

 which case they should never be cut while they 

 continue to bear handsome fruit. Before they 

 begin to cease from bearing, you must always, 

 he says, begin with shortening every other shoot, 

 leaving them only from six inches to a foot lone, 

 and nail them in till the second year, taking 

 care to rub off the superfluous and strong fore- 

 right shoots; by that time they will begin to 

 bear : then cut out the others that have done 

 bearing : by this method you will, he thinks, 

 keep the trees in a flourishing state. When the 

 branches are thus managed, they will frequently 

 throw out small dugs, or foreright shoots, about 

 an inch or two long, which will flower next 

 year. They should never, he savs, be shortened 

 tiil after die fruit is set and become about the 

 size of a large pea; bv that time the leaves will 

 have covered the fruit, and be able to protect it 

 from the inclemency of the weather. You may 

 now shorten these shoots close to the fruit, 

 which will leave them from one to two inches 

 long. This method he has praelised with <rrcaf 

 success for several vears. By leaving these short 

 foreright shoots, the fruit is, he savs, protected 

 till it is out of danger of being killed b 

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