P Y R 



PYR 



w in these sitw.ation?, and olh'er 01 1 aVe employ- 

 ed in the shnbberies for producing variety." 



The above sort is likewise valuable for mix- 

 ing ujih apples in making pies, puddings, &x. 

 .is they add a qnifckness to the flavour when flat. 



Culture in the Pear kind — These trees are 

 raised by grafting and budding upon any kinds 

 of pear-stocks ', occasionally upon quince- 

 stocks, and sometimes upon white-thorn stocks; 

 but the first sort are preferable for general use to 

 have lame trees, and the second for moderate 

 growers. 



The numerous varieties of these trees having 

 +>een first accidentally obtained from seed, and as 

 these seedlings rarely produce the same sorts 

 again, the approved kinds are continued and in- 

 creased only by grafting or budding upon stocks 

 raised from thelcernels of the kinds just men- 

 tioned. In order to restrain the growth of these 

 trees white-thorn stocks have also been used; but 

 these are not so generally successful, and are 

 almost in total disuse in the nurseries : of course 

 pear-stocks are proper for general use, for prin- 

 cipal large trees, both for walls, espaliers, and 

 standards ; and quince-stocks for smaller 

 growths. For raising the stocks, the seeds or 

 kernels of the different sorts should be sown in 

 the latter end of autumn, as October, Novem- 

 ber, or December, or early in the spring, in 

 beds of light earth, covering them near an inch 

 deep ; they come up in the spring : and in au- 

 tumn, winter, or spring following, the strongest 

 should be planted out in nursery-rows to remain 

 for grafting and budding, for which, after having 

 from one to two or three years' growth, they 

 will be of proper size. 

 The operations of grafting and budding should 

 be performed in the usual method ; the former in 

 the spring, and the latterin summer. See Graft - 

 iNGand Budding. For this purpose the grafts and 

 buds should be procured from such trees as pro- 

 duce the finest fruit of the respective sorts ; those 

 designed as dwarfs for walls, espaliers, or stan- 

 dard-dwarfs, being grafted or budded near the 

 bottom ; and in those for half and full stand- 

 ards, the stocks may either be previously trained 

 up from three or four to seven or eight feet high 

 to form a stem, then grafted near the top, or be 

 grafted low in the stock, like the dwarfs, and the 

 first main shoot trained for a stem the above 

 height : the grafted trees, both dwarfs and stand- 

 ards, shoot the same year, but the budded ones 

 not till the spring after ; and when their heads 

 arc two years old from the grafting and budding, 

 they may, if thought proper, be planted out 

 for good, or remain longer in the nursery, as may 

 be found convenient. 



The dwarfs for walls, espaliers, See. whethfr 

 they remain longer in the nursery, or be trans- 

 planted at a year old into the garden, should have 

 the first shoots from the graft or bud,. when a 

 year old, headed down in March to five or six 

 eyes, to force out a proper supply of four, six, 

 or more lateral branches near the ground, to 

 furnish the wall or espalier with bearers quite 

 from the bottom, these readily producing others 

 to cover the upper part. 



Standards, supposing them to be grafted on 

 high stocks, may either be headed near the top 

 of the stock, or permitted to run up, as the case 

 may require, so that if shortened it will force out 

 laterals near the head of the stem, and form a 

 more spreading full head ; and if suffered to run 

 up with the first shoots entire, they form higher 

 and generally more upright heads in the end. 

 Such standards, however, as are grafted or bud- 

 ded as low in the stock as for dwarfs, must have 

 the first shoot trained upright at full length, six 

 or seven feet high for a stem ; if for full stand- 

 ards, they may either be topped at six feet 

 height, to force out laterals near that part to 

 form a spreading head, or suffered to run and 

 branch in its own way to form a more erect and 

 higher head. 



The headed trees, both dwarfs and standards, 

 on being cut down in the spring, soon branch 

 out from all the eyes immediately below ; when 

 care should be taken during the summer to trim 

 off all shoots from the stem, suffering all the top 

 shoots to remain entire ; when they will form 

 handsome beginning young heads by the end 

 of summer, and in autumn, winter, or spring 

 following, may be finally planted out into the 

 garden, &c. 



When from necessity they are retained longer in 

 the nursery, the whole should have proper prun- 

 ing to reform irregular growths, and the different 

 trees be trained accordingly, suffering the whole to 

 branch away at full length, not shortening any 

 afier the above general heading down, when a 

 year old, except it should seem occasionally ne- 

 cessary, either to reduce any casual irregularity, 

 or to procure a more full s\ipply of lowerbranch- 

 es ; after which no further general shortening 

 should be practised to these sort of trees ; for, 

 after having obtained a proper set of regular 

 branches near the head of the stem, they 

 readily furnish more in their turn to increase the 

 head on the upper part. 



In regard to planting out the trees, they are 

 mostly of proper growth for this purpose when 

 from one or two to four or five years old, from 

 the graft or bud ; but if larger trees are required, 

 those of six or eight years old may be safely 



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