P Y R 



P Y R 



•Jung with wood-ashes, and with your fore- of November ; but the eatable kinds do not ac- 

 finger rub in a littie of this Composition where quire maturity for that purpose on the tree, or 

 you made the scarification 3 as the wound heals, for some considerable time after they are ea- 

 ilie Composition will be discharged from the thered, some probably in a month, others two 

 fruit ; this will prevent the pears from cracking or three, and some more, and some sorts not 

 and bursting, which renders them good for no- till the spring following. But the baking kinds 

 thing. The"sorts that are most liable to this dis- may be used any time from October or Novem- 



l.r are, he observes, the Colmar, Virgou- ber during their continuance, 

 leuse, and Crasane. He only, however, recom- All Winter pears should be indulged with a? 

 mends this operation for wall pears, as it may full growth on the tree as the weather will per- 

 be thought by some a troublesome operation, mit, even until the end of October or first week 

 and it will certainly take up some time." in November in the later kinds, if the season con- 



Tbe maturity of the pear is generally known tinucs mild : be cautious, however, to get them 

 by its changing from a green to a yellow or gathered before attacked by much frost. And 

 reddish colour, &c, and by the frequent falling in gathering all the sorts for keeping, drv wea- 

 fiom the tree, and when with a gentle twist or ther should be chosen, and when the fruit is 

 turn upwards, it easily quits its hold ; but these also quite dry, being careful not to bruise them, 

 sisrns of ripeness are more particularly observable See Fruit. 



^Summer and Autumn pears; as Winter pears Forcing of Pears. — These sorts of trees are 

 not being maturely ripe whengathered, often re- sometimes forced by artificial heat, in some 

 quire a good pull before they quit the branches, of the prime early summer kinds, to obtain 



The Summer pears ripen in succession in dif- a portion of fruit as early in the season as 

 fcrent sorts, from about the beginning or mid- possible. This is effected by means of hot- 

 die of July till the middle of September ; many walls and forcing frames; having previously 

 of the earliest ripening all at once, as it were, some trees of the choicest early summer pears, 

 and continuing good but a few days, either on such as the Jargonelle, or any other early sort, 

 the tree or when gathered, nor will any of the trained as wall-trees against a south wall, till 

 sorts keep good long ; and none of these sorts advanced to some tolerable state of bearing ; be- 

 should hang on thelree till soft ripe, as in that ing then inclosed with glass frames, in the man- 

 case most of them would be mealy and insipid, ner of forcing-frames or hot-walls, and having 

 These sorts should be gathered as soon as they internally either flues for fire heat, erected for- 

 are arrived to full growth, and just begin to co- ward and extending long-ways, or otherwise a 

 lour and discover maturity, but before they be- pit arranged in that direction, in the interval 

 come soft and mellow. For family use, they space between the trees and the glass-work, for 

 may be gathered from the tree according as they a bark or dung hot-bed ; and by one or other of 

 attain perfection; but the. general crops of each these methods a proper degree of artificial heat 

 sort should be alwavs taken down before they is produced internally to force an early growth 

 ripen fully, and be laid in any dry room; none in the trees, and forwatd them to early flowering 



if the kinds will keep long, some only a few 

 days, and scarcely any of them above a fortnight, 

 though from different varieties ripening at dif- 

 ferent times, the succession is continued for 

 eight or ten weeks. 



The Autumn sorts ripen in different varieties, 

 from about the middle of September till the end 

 of October ; some of the forwardest become 

 eatable on the tree, others requiring to lie some 

 time after being gathered before they acquire 



and fruiting, managing them in the common 

 way, as other trees in forcing-frames, so as 

 to have some ripe fruit early in June, or some 

 time in that month. 



Culture in the Apple Kind. — The whole of the 

 varieties of the apple were first accidentally ob- 

 tained by raising them from the kernels of the 

 fruit ; but as these cannot be depended upon to 

 continue the same sort of fruit, grafting is the 

 mode made use of to increase and continue the 



perfection. The different sorts of these pears different varieties of them, which is perform- 

 should be gathered according as they arrive to ed upon Crab, or any kind of Apple slocks, 

 maturity: "those designed to keep some time, raised from the kernels, for dwarfs as well as 

 may be gathered in dry weather, just when they standards: and sometimes upon Codlin and Pa- 

 have attained full growth, as shown by their radise Apple stocks raised from cuttings and lay- 



frequent dropping, and bv their readily quitting 

 the trees on being handled, and laid in a dry 

 close room, or in baskets, each sort separately. 

 The Winter kinds attain their full growth on 

 the trees about the end of October or beginning 



ers, when designed to have espaliers and other 

 dwarf trees, or for small standards, ai low as 

 possible, to be confined within a moderate space: 

 some sorts may also be raised by layers and cut- 

 tings, as the common Codlin. 



