P Y R 



P Y R 



or early iu winter, they establish themselves in the kitchen garden, at thirty feet distance in the 

 more firmly before the drought of the following rows; and for an orchard thirty feet distance every 

 summer. way. In planting, for each tree a wide hole 



They succeed in anv common soil and open should be opened, trimming any long straggling 

 situation, except in low very moist land, in and broken roots, leaving all the others entire, 

 which they are apt to canker, and soon go off: and planting them with the usual care. As soon 

 in a pliable mellow loam they generally answer as planted out, every tree should be well staked 

 very well . The ground should be properly pre- to support them firmly upright, and prevent then- 

 pared, by good Trenching, where the ranges of being disturbed in rooting by winds. See 

 trees are 'to" stand. Orchard and Planting. 



In the planting of Espalier Apple-trees they Smaller growing standards, such as Codlins, 

 should be ranged at not less than eighteen or or other low standards grafted upon Codlin 

 twentv feet distance; the latter especially for stocks, and dwarfs upon these or Paradise stocks, 

 trees grafted on Crab or Apple stocks, which be- may, if required, be planted only at fifteen or 

 ing free shooters, the branches readily fill that twenty feet distance in the rows, and not less 

 space. For the trees grafted on Codlin and Pa- than twenty or twenty-five feet between the 

 radise stocks, fifteen or eighteen feet maybe linesof trees ; though, if there be room to allow 

 sufficient; though the latter, in particular, is a greater distance both ways, it will be advan- 

 sometimes planed onlv twelve or fifteen feet tageous, especially in planting in kitchen gar- 

 asunder, as being a very moderate shooter : it is, dens, in which it would be proper to allow dou- 

 howevcr, advisable to allow every sort full room, ble that distance between the rows of trees, of 

 according to their growth, to have proper space the larger growths of these kinds, 

 to extend their branches always at full length. The standards thus planted with their heads 

 The trees should be planted with all their heads entire, should be suffered to advance with their 

 entire, only retrenching any verv irregular branches at full length, and in general take 

 Growths, that do not range consistently with their natural growth, when they soon form nu- 

 the intended form, and pruning any broken merous natural spurs in every part for bearing, 

 roots. Then having opened a proper hole for In respect to pruning these standards, little is 

 each tree, plant them in the usual manner, be- required, only the occasional retrenching any 

 ing careful to place them with their branches very irregular cross-placed bough, or the re- 

 ranging the way of the espalier. As soon as the ducing to order any very long rambler ; orwhen 

 earth of the holes and of the roots is properly the head is become greatly crowded and con- 

 settled, all the branches should be trained in ho- fused, to thin out some of the most irregular 

 rizontally to the right and left, an equal number growths, likewise all strong shoots growing up- 

 on each side, at full length, as above. right in the middle of the head, and all dead 



The general culture in espalier trees thus wood, and suckers from the stem and root, 

 planted and trained, as the same branches or As to half and dwarf standards of these trees, 

 bearers continue fruitful many years, is to con- they may be dispersed in different parts of the 

 tinue them as long as they 'remain of proper garden to cause variety, managing them as the 

 growths, constantly giving them a summer and full standards. 



winter pruning annually, as explained above. The former on dwarf Paradise stocks, being 



In wall-trees also, any of the principal choice very moderate shooters, may be planted in a 

 varieties of eating-apples' may be trained, to for- little compass; and are sometimes planted in 

 ward and improve the growth., beauty, and fla- 

 vour of the fruit ; such as Jennetings, Margaret- 

 apple, Golden-pippins, Golden-rennets, Pear- 

 mains, &c, or any other approved eating kinds, 

 a tree or two of a sort, against a south or south- 

 west or east wall 



pots for curiosity, to place on a table, amidst a 

 dessert, with the fruit growing on them. See 

 Dwarf Trees. 



It is observed by Mr. Forsyth, that " in head- 

 ing down old decayed apple-trees, for the sake of 

 symmetry, it will be necessary to cut at the forked 



Standard apples when planted in the garden branch as near as can be to the upper side of the 



should be arranged thinly, to admit of under- fork, cutting them in a sloping manner to carry 



crops growing freely, without being shaded by off the wet, at the same time rounding the edges, 



their spreading branches. To begin at the lower branches, cutting just 



Full standards should be chieflv planted for above the lower fork ; and proceeding upwards, 



the general crops, and half and dwarf standards cutting the rest of the branches from one to six 



for variety. joints, or forks, according to their strength, 



The standards, when trained as above, should till you have finished cutting-in the whole head, 



be planted out with all their heads entire, when If any of these branches should have the canker, 



