SER 



SUA 



inch broad in the middle, slightly serrate, downy 

 on their under side, sessile: the upper | irt ol 

 the stalk divides into peduncles, sustaining pur- 

 ple flowers, which appear at the end of July. 

 It h a native of North America. 



Tie second species has a large, perennial, 

 fibrous root : the stem branching, from four to 

 seven or eight feet hitih : the leaves seven in< 

 Inns, and an inch and half broad in the mid- 

 dle, ending in acute points, entire, hairy on 

 their under side, sessile : the (lowers in loose 

 bunches at the end of the branches : the calyxes 

 oval, composed of few scales terminating in 

 bristles : the flowers are of a pale purple colour. 

 It is a native of Virginia, Carolina, &c. 



The thud has a perennial root: the stalks six 

 or seven feet high, purple and channelled : the 

 leaves about three inches long, and an inch and 

 half broad in the middle, ending in acute points, 

 stiff, serrate, and of a light green on both sides : 

 the flowers in a loose terminating corymb, pur- 

 ple, with roundish calyxes. It is a native of 

 Maryland, Virginia and Carolina, flowering in 

 Oc ober. 



The fourth species has a tuberous root, from 

 which comes out a single stalk, rising near three 

 feet high : the leaves stiff, about three inches 

 long, entire, rough to the touch, pale green on 

 both sides : the upper part of the stalk is adorned 

 with purple flowers, having oblong, rough, 

 prickly calyxes, coming out from the side alter- 

 nately ; and the stalk <s terminated by one head 

 larger than the others. It is a native of Virginia, 

 flowering in July and August. 



The fifth has a large tuberous root, from which 

 comes out one strong channelled stalk, three or 

 four feet high : the leaves frequent, about three 

 inches long, and half an inch broad : the flowers 

 purple, in a long loose spike, coining out from 

 the side upon pretty long blunt peduncles; they 

 have large rough calyxes composed of wedge- 

 shaped scales. The upper flowers blow first, 

 and appear in August. 



The sixth species has a tuberous root, from 

 which comes out a single stalk from two to three 

 feet high : the leaves very narrow, smooth, at 

 bottom more than three inches long, but gradu- 

 ally diminishing to the top, sessile, and placed 

 round the stalk without any order: the flowers 

 purple, smaller than in the fourth and filth 

 sorts, sessile, and forming a long loos£ spike. 

 It is a native of North America, flowering from 

 August to October. 



Culture, — These plants may all be increased 

 by parting the roots and planting them out in 

 the autumn when the stuns decay, or in the 

 spring; but the former is the better season. The 

 old plants should not he parted oftener than 

 every third year, and then not too small. 



They are likewise all capable of being in- 

 creased by Beetle, when they can he had good, 

 which should be sown in the autumn or early 

 spring, in a border to the east, in slieht drills. 

 When the plant- are a few inches Ingh, they 

 should be pricked out in nursery-rows to remain 

 till the following autumn, and then planted out 

 where they are to remain. 



They afford ornament in the borders, clumps, 

 Sec. being planted to the middle or the back 

 parts. 



SI RVICETREE. See Sorbus. 



SHADDOCK. Sec Citrus. 



SHADE, any thing that intervenes to ob- 

 scure or protect from the rays of the sun. It is 

 effected in various ways in gardening ; as by 

 mats, covers, &C. 



SHADING of PLANTS, the art of pro- 

 tecting plants of young and tender growths in 

 seed-beds, &c. from the sun. It is a necessary 

 work on many occasions, in warm, dry, sunny 

 weather in spring and summer, &c. in pricking 

 out various sorts of small young plants from 

 seed-beds into nursery-beds, pots, &c. as well 

 as small cuttings, slips, above-ground off-sets, 

 pipings, &c. as likewise occasionally in trans- 

 planting any kind of more advanced plants, 

 flowers, &c. into beds, or pots, in a hot, drv 

 season ; and sometimes to seed-beds of particular 

 sorts of small or curious seeds in hot sunny 

 days; also to plants in hot-beds, under frames 

 and glasses, both of young and. more advaim I 

 growths. It is the most commodiously and ef- 

 fectually performed by garden mats in a sort of 

 awning over the beds, to plants in the full 

 ground, or to those in pots placed close u>- 

 gether; or sometimes to seed-beds, cither in that 

 way, or by being spread on the surface; in the 

 latter method, being occasionally watered over 

 the mats : or sometimes, in hot dry weather, by- 

 some loose straw litter strewed over seed-beds-, 

 which by screening the surface from the parch- 

 ing sun, and preserving the moisture in the 

 earth, promotes a more quick, regular, and free 

 germination in the seed ; and when the plants 

 are come up, the covering is soon drawn e>fi 

 lightly with a wooden or other rake. Te> plants 

 under glasses in frames, eVc. the occasional 

 shading is effected either by mats spread thinly 

 over the glasses, or sometimes by a little loose, 

 long litter, shaken lightly over them, just 

 during the fierce heat <>t the sun. In all i 

 the shaele shenild not be niaele loo thick, so as 

 to darken the plants too much. 



In the business of occasional shading, it is 

 in general only to be continued in the warmest 

 time of sunny days, generally longer te> plants, 

 cuttings, cce. which have not struck re>e>t, than 

 those that are in a growing state; and in common 



