S H I 



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with all plants in the full ground, or others de- 

 signed for placing in the open air, where occa- 

 sional shading is necessary, it should he discon- 

 tinued on evenings, mornings, and nights, that 

 they may enjoy the heneiit of the full fresh air 

 at these times; as also the tender sorts, striking 

 or advancing in growth under glasses, having oc- 

 casional shading when the sun is powerful, in 

 the warmer part of the day, should remain un- 

 shaded before and after that time, that they may 

 receive the necessary beneficial influence of light 

 and air in a proper degree. But in plants, 

 cuttings, slips, &c. that have had occasional 

 shading till they have struck good root, and be- 

 gin to advance a little in a renewed growth, the 

 shading should be mostly discontinued gradually, 

 • specially for those in beds, pots, &c. in the open 

 ground, or others designed for transplantation, 

 or for placing in pots, in the. full air for the 

 summer, according to their kinds: but in 

 some small tender plants of slender growth, 

 the occasional shading may probably be necessary 

 in longer continuation, as till they acquire more 

 strength; and to plants remaining all summer 

 in hot-beds, or under frames and glasses, the 

 n'cinuance of occasional moderate shading in 

 hot sunny days will be proper; but in most 

 oung plants, cuttings, Sec. pricked out or 

 planted as above, and designed for the full ground 

 or open air, not continued under glasses, the 

 having the benefit of occasional shade till well 

 struck, is all thev require. 



The sorts of plants which require this kind of 

 management are verv numerous ; but it is con- 

 stantly mentioned in tbeirculturewherenecessary. 

 SHALLOT. See Allium. 

 SHIFTING of PLANTS, the business of 

 removing plants in pots from smaller into larger 

 ones, Sec. to give them fresh earth or mould, it 

 is necessary occasionally in all plants in pots, to 

 assist them with larger ones according as the 

 advanced growth of the particular sorts renders 

 it proper, and at the same time to supply an 

 additional portion of fresh earth about the root 

 fibres of the plants, to promote their growth ; and 

 sometimes for the application of fresh compost, 

 either in part or wholly, from the plants having 

 remained long unremoved, and the old earth in 

 the pots being much decayed, or on account of 

 some defect of growth in the particular plants. 



In regard to the necessity of shifting, it is, 

 in some degree, according to the advancing 

 growth of the different sorts of plants: some 

 sorts of a strong free growth require shifting 

 once every year or two ; others, more moderate 

 growers, or of more settled growths, once in 

 two or three years; and some large growing 

 kinds, which are advanced to a considerable 

 size, having been occasionally shifted, in their 



increasing growth, from smaller into larger pots 

 of different proportionable sizes, and some from 

 large pots into tubs, of still larger dimensions, 

 as large plants of the American aloe, orange 

 and lemon tree kinds, etc. in that advanced 

 state sometimes only need occasional shift- 

 ing once in three or several years, especially 

 when the pots or tubs are capacious, containing 

 a large supply of earth, and are occasionally re- 

 freshed with some new compost at top, and a 

 little way down round the sid.'S about the ex- 

 treme roots. And in some small slow-growing 

 plants, as in many of the succulent tribe, shift- 

 ing them once in two or three years may be suf- 

 ficient : other sorts want shifting annually into 

 larger pots, according as they advance in a free 

 growth, as the hardy and tender kinds of herba- 

 ceous and shrubby plants, &c. And some of 

 the tender annual flower-plants, cultivated in 

 pots, and forwarded in hot- beds, being planted 

 first in small pots, want shifting, in their in- 

 creasing growth, into larger sizes, once or twice 

 the same season, as from April to the beginning 

 of June, when being shifted finally into the re- 

 quisite full- sized pots, they remain during their 

 existence. 



But though large-grown plants, either of the 

 shrub or tree kind, as well as other plants of large 

 growths, after being finally stationed in the fullest 

 siz "d large pots and tubs, succeed several years 

 without shifting, they should in the interval 

 have the top earth loosened, and down round 

 the sides to some little depth, removing the 

 loosened old soil, and filling up the pots, tubs, 

 &c. with fresh earth, settling it close by a mo- 

 derate watering. 



The usual season for occasional shifting such 

 plants as require it, is principally the spring and 

 autumn, as from March to May for the spring 

 shifting; and from August to the end of Sep- 

 tember for the autumn ; though in plants that 

 can be removed with the full balls of earth about 

 the roots, it may be occasionally performed al- 

 most at any time; however, for any general 

 shifting, the spring and autumn are the most 

 successful seasons, as the plants then sooner 

 strike fresh root; and many sorts preferably in 

 the spring, by having the benefit of the same 

 growing season, and that of summer. 



In performing the business, it is mostly proper 

 to remove the plants from the smaller to the 

 larger pots, with the balls of earth about the 

 roots, either wholly, or some of the outward old 

 earth, the dry or matted radicle fibres only being 

 carefully trimmed away, so as not to disturb the 

 principal roots in the bodies of them, a^ by this 

 means the plants receive but little cheek in their 

 growth by the removal. Sometimes, when any 

 particular plants, shrubs, or trees, &c. in their 



