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varieties, which differ in their leaves, stems, anil 

 flowers. 



Culture. — All the sorts are capable of being 

 increased, by parting or slipping the roots : tins, 

 with the lirst kind, should be performed in the 

 autumn or very early spring season, planting 

 them immediately .-. or in the borders; 



they should not however be parted too .small. 



When planted out as edgings, a quantity of 

 Blips should beobtained in these seasons from old 

 plants, bv slipping or dividing the ofi'-seis of 

 their roots, each slip being furnished with roots 

 and tops; then, having made up the edge of the 

 bed or border even and firm, planting ihetii 

 either with a dibble in one range, two or three 

 inches distance in the row ; or to form at once 

 a close edging, so near as to touch one another, 

 or in a small trench, close, as in planting box 

 edgings: these edgings should every summer, 

 immediately after flowering, be trimmed with 

 garden-shears, or a knife, to cut off all the de- 

 caved flower-stalks close to the bottom ; like- 

 wise to trim in anv projecting irregularity of the 

 edging at the sides or top : a.so when it spreads 

 considerably out of bou -. - .ould be cut in 

 evenly on each side, in due proportion ; per- 

 forming those trimmings in moist weather, and 

 not too late in autumn, otherwise the drought 

 of summer, or the cold iu winter, will be apt 

 to injure them when newly cut, and cause them 

 to have a shabby disagreeable appearance : but 

 when these edeings grow considerably out of 

 hounds, or become very irregular, it is neces- 

 sary to lake them up, slip the plants small, and 

 immediately replant them again as before, in a 

 neat regular edging : they sometimes require re- 

 planting every threeorfouf years in this manner. 



The second sorts may likewise be raised by 

 parting the roots in the autumn or spring, pre- 

 serving some mould to them, and planting them 

 out again immediately, being placed in an east 

 border, where the soil is loamv. 



They may also be raised from seeds obtained 

 from abroad, sow ins them on a similar border, 

 keeping the plants clean, and when of sufficient 

 growth planting them out in pots: it is the 

 common practice in treating the second sort, ac- 

 cording to Martyn, to consider it as a green- 

 house plant : and it appears to the greatest ad- 

 vantage in a pot, as it is much disposed to throw 

 up new flowering- stems : by having several 

 pots, some plants will be in flower throughout 

 the summer ; on this account, and for the 

 singularity of its large blue calyx, it is a plant 

 that merits attention. The Echioidea is also a 

 green-house plant. 



The eighth, ninth, tenth sorts, &c, maybe 

 increased by planting cuttings of the young 



shoot-', in Julv, in a shady border, watering 

 them frequently \ when the plants have a little 

 growth, they should be taken up ..nd pla< ed in 

 separate pets, filled with light loamy mould, 

 putting them in the shade till rerouted ; the 

 plants of these sorts must be removed into shel- 

 ter in the autumn, but they only require pro- 

 tection from hard trust, ot coum ma\ be ; 

 with myrtles, and other hardy green ; 

 plants, where they often continue to flower a 

 great part of winter, and make a pretty variety ; 

 sorts afford variety among other potted 

 more hardy green-house plants. 



STAVE'S ACRE. See Delphinium. 



STOCKS, >uch young trees a- an n 

 from seed, suckers, layers, and cuttings, and 

 designed for the reception of grafts and buds of 

 other trees, to continue them the same and he- 

 come trees in every respect like the parent trees 

 from which they were taken. 



Stocks fur general use are proper when front 

 the size of a good large goose-quil to half an 

 inch, or not more than an inch thick, in the 

 part where the graft, 8cc, is to be inserted ; but 

 they are sometimes used when two or three 

 inches in diameter: these are made use of in 

 most kinds of fruit-trees, and occasionally for 

 some varieties of forest and ornamental trees, 

 and many of the shrub kind : they should in 

 general be species or varieties of the same genus 

 as the trees with which they are to be encrafted. 



They are usually divided into three kinds ; as 

 Crab Stocks, Free Stocks, and Dwarf Stm 

 each comprehending various sorts, both of the 

 same and different genera, species, and \a- 

 rieties. 



Crab Stocks. — These are all such as are raised 

 from seeds, &c, of any natural or ungrafted 

 trees, particularly of the fruit-tree kind ; such 

 as the crab-apple of the woods and hedges, any- 

 kind of wild thorny uncultivated pears, plums, 

 wild black and red cherry, &c, and also of 

 such trees as have been grafted or budded : some- 

 sorts, being strong shooters and hardy, are ] re- 

 ferred, on which to graft particular spec:. 

 improve the size and duration of the trees; for 

 example, apples are very commonly worked 

 upon the common wild crab stock, and cherries 

 on the great wild black and red cherry Stock, as 

 tending to promote a large, hardy, and durable- 

 growth, proper for common standards and the 

 larger kinds of dwarf trees. In using crab stocks 

 to graft any sorts of fruit-trees, it is proper to 

 reject such of them i< a very wild * rab- 



like growth, or of a siuiiiy, thorny nature, pn - 

 ferriug those that are the freest clean growers : 

 sometimes, however, the appellation of crab 

 stocks is given lo all stocks indiscriminately, 



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