S T O 



S T O 



the medlar and other trees ; though any of the 

 sorbus, or the pear, are preferable to the quince 

 to work this tree on to have it large and durable : 

 but quince stocks may be used to have trees of 

 smaller growth, for low standards, espaliers, &c. 

 For the wild maple-leaved service berry-trees, 

 the proper stocks are either their own kind, or 

 those of the hawthorn, raised from the seed ; 

 they also take upon pear stocks, &c. 



For hazel nuts, filbert, Sec, the stocks of the 

 common nut-tree, raised either from the nuts, 

 or by suckers from the root, may be used ; but 

 this method is seldom employed. See Cokylus 

 avellana. 



For orange trees, these are worked upon 

 stocks of their own kind only, as any kind of 

 orange, lemon, or citron stocks, raised from 

 the kernels of the fruit ; though the Seville 

 orange, as being a very free strong shooter, is 

 generally preferred for orange stocks ; but the 

 lemon and citron being also free growers form 

 very proper stocks to raise any variety of oranges 

 on. See Citrus Aurantium. 



For lemon and citron trees, these varieties are 

 also budded or inarched upon lemon, citron, or 

 orange stocks, raised from the kernels of the 

 fruit, as for oranges. See Citrus medica. 



It is evident, that in this method, forcuriosity, 

 the same stock may be made to support two, 

 three, or more different varieties of fruit, graft- 

 ed or budded, either all into the stock, being 

 previously trained with branches, forking off 

 for the purpose one for each graft, or by cleft, 

 or crown-grafting single large stocks, with two 

 or more different sorts; or in smaller single 

 stocks, bv inserting two or more different buds 

 by inoculation ; likewise, the stock being singly 

 grafted or budded, different sorts may be in- 

 serted into the shoots arising from the graft or 

 buds; and thus two, three, or more sorts of 

 apples may be had on the same root ; and by 

 the same method, different sorts of fruit may be 

 had upon the same stock, as plums, cherries, 

 and apricots all on a plum stock ; or peaches, 

 nectarines, and apricots on the same, or on 

 stocks of their own kind ; and pears, medlars, 

 and quinces upon the pear stock ; also red 

 and white currants, or currants and gooseberries, 

 on a currant or gooseberry stock ; or white and 

 red grapes on a vine stock ; likewise red and 

 white roses, or other different sorts, upon a 

 common rose stock ; as well as on numerous 

 other trees and shrubs, which are species or va- 

 rieties of the same genus. 



Raising the Stocks. — All the different sorts 

 may be raised by seeds, suckers, layers, and 

 cuttings. 



In the first mode, various sorts of stocks may 



be raised from the stones and fruits of different 

 sorts of trees : as the kernels of all the apple 

 kinds, pears and quinces; and the stones of 

 plums, cherries, apricots, peaches, and nec- 

 tarines; the seeds or stones of medlars, services, 

 &c. ; also nuts, when designed for stocks ; all 

 of which should be obtained in autumn from 

 their respective fruits when fully ripened ; and 

 when well cleared from the pulpy substance, 

 each sort may be sown separately, in beds of 

 common light earth in the nursery, either di- 

 rectly, or after being preserved in sand till Fe- 

 bruary, but the e.irlv autumn is the best season ; 

 and if the winter should prove severe, the beds 

 of the more tender kinds, as almonds, and 

 peaches, &c, may be covered with drv litter to 

 defend the seed from the frost. See Nursery. 

 Before the appearance of the plants above 

 ground, where the surface of the bed is hard 

 bound or caked, it is beneficial to stir the sur- 

 face lightly with a small iron rake; also, if very 

 dry weather prevails, to give frequent moderate 

 waterings, both before and after the plants are 

 up, repeating the waterings occasionally in dry 

 weather all spring and early part of summer, 

 to encourage a free strong growth ; being like- 

 wise careful to keep the beds very clean from 

 weeds by diligent hand-weedings ; and by thus 

 giving every encouragement, the seedling stocks 

 will grow so freely during the summer, as by 

 autumn or spring following to be mostly of a 

 proper size to plant out into nursery lines in the 

 open quarters, in rows two feet asunder, to re- 

 main for grafting and budding ; though, if they 

 have made but middling progress the first sum- 

 mer in the seed-bed, and are rather small and 

 weakly, the strongest only should be planted 

 out, leaving the rest growing until next autumn, 

 when they will be all of full size for planting 

 out wholly into the open prepared nursery quar- 

 ters, forking the seedling plants up out of the 

 beds, shortening anv perpendicular tap-root and 

 long stragglers, but leaving all their tops entire, 

 and then planting them m lines, either by 

 t reneh-plan ting, slit -plan ting, or dibble- planting, 

 as the sizes of the plants admit, in rows two feet 

 or two feet and a half asunder, setting the plants 

 one foot or fifteen inches apart in each row, in 

 an upright position ; and after having planted 

 one row, treading the earth gently all along 

 close to the roots of the plants, to fix them firm- 

 ly in the earth all evenly in a straight range, pro- 

 ceeding in the same manner, row and row, till 

 the whole is planted, levelling the surface of the 

 ground between all the rows with the spade or 

 rake: their future culture, till grafted or budded, 

 consists in occasional waterings in the first spring, 

 hoeing over the ground every summer, digging 



