S T O 



S T O 



between therows annually in the winter or spring; 

 and training the stocks each to one stem; pre- 

 serving their top always entire ; but trimming off 

 the strong laterals below, to encourage tht Btrength 

 nf the main stem, when they will be fit for graft - 

 or budding, in from one to two or three 



. See I'l. WTING. 



They are proper for working when from 

 about the size of a large goose-quill, as already 

 observed, to the thickness of a man's little fin- 

 ger, or a little more ; but the sooner they are 

 worked after they are of a due size, the better 

 thev succeed, and the sooner they form trees. 

 Sec Grafting and Budding. 



In some eases, however, where the stocks 

 hive shot freely the lirst summer after planting 

 out from the seed-bed, many of them may pro- 

 bably be of a due size to graft the following spring 

 and summer, at live or six inches height, to 

 form dwarfs for walls and espaliers, 5cc., or 

 even, in some sorts, for full or half standards, 

 provided the first main shoot from the graft or 

 bud is trained up singly, two or three years, to 

 form the stem, of trom four or five to six or 

 seven feet stature: however, if thev have grown 

 but moderately the first and second seasons, and 

 arc not generally in a condition for the opera- 

 tion of grafting or budding, it is belter to let 

 them have another year's growth. 



In the second mode, the suckers of all the 

 trees which afford them should be planted off at 

 one year's growth in autumn, winter, or spring, 

 which is a very expeditious method of raising 

 several sorts of stocks ; so that, alter being trans- 

 planted into the nursery, thev often in one or 

 two years' growth afford proper stocks for the 

 reception of grafts and buds ; and many of them 

 are often iit For budding in the summer follow- 

 ing, at the proper budding season, or for graft- 

 ing i he spring 



The suckers are generally fit to take up for 

 the purpose of stocks, when of one year's 

 growth, about the size of a tobacco-pipe, or 

 but little bigger, and should be collected in au- 

 tumnor the early part of winter ; taking them up 

 as well rooted as possible, cutting off all knots 

 or knobbed woody parts of the old roots that 

 may adhere to their bottom, trimming the strag- 

 gling fibres, and cutting off all side-shoots from 

 tlu Mem; then planting them in rows two feet 

 asunder, and one foot distant in the lines : 

 treading the mould gently to their roots, and 

 finishing the work by levelling the surface be- 

 tween the rows: the culture afterwards, till graft- 

 ed or budded, is nearly the same as that ol the 

 seedling slocks, keeping them clean from weeds in 

 summer by hoeing ; and probably some ol the 

 strongest shooters niav be fit to bud in the July 



Vol. II. 



or August following; though fhe general part 

 will require two years' growth before they are 

 proper for working; still continuing them all lo 

 one stun, by timely displacing strong laterals, 

 and preserving their top or leading shoot gene- 

 rally entire until grafted, ccc. 



The third method is practised for some sorts 

 of .-locks of fruit and other trees, and when any 

 particular variety of stock is required, such as 

 the paradise slock for apples, muscle-plum lor 

 peaches, Sec, that they may be obtained of the 

 real sort with certainty : but as tins met! 

 raising stocks would be attend'-. i with great 

 trouble for general grafting and budding, it is 

 only practised occasionally. In providing them 

 in autumn or winter, some of ih 

 of such trees as have the branches naturally 

 growing near the ground, or in which the stems 

 nave been cut down low while young, to force 

 out branches mar the bottom, to furnish shoots 

 properly situated for laying, should he slit-laved 

 in the common method, when they will mostly be 

 rooted by the autumn following, and be lit to take 

 off and plant into the nursery, being managed 

 as directed for the seedling an 1 sucker stock-. 



In the last method, cuttings of the last year's 

 shoots should be chosen in autumn, planting 

 them in the nursery, in a somewhat shady bor- 

 der, giving occasional waterings the following 

 spring and beginning of summer in dry weather, 

 when thev will be mostly well rooted by next 

 autumn, and may he then planted out in nur- 

 sery-rows two feet asunder, managing them as 

 the others : thev should he kept with upright 

 stems, except any should assume a stunted or 

 crooked growth, in which case they should be 

 headed down to the ground in spring, when they 

 will push out strong from the bottom the en- 

 suing summer, training them to . and 

 with their 1 top-shoot entire as above ; a id 

 according as all lh( sort- advance in growth, they 

 should be divested of strong lateral shoo- 

 low, repeating it particularly in the lallcrstail 



mrage their upright direction more 

 expeditiously to the proper grafting and budding 

 heights. 



The proper methods of grafting and budding 

 are shown under the culture of the di 

 kinds. 



fNE-CROP. See Sbdom. 



STONE -CROP TREE >n m. 



STOOLS, - ch hcaded-down yot 

 and shrubs in the nursery propria el 



for the production of an annual supply ol • 

 shoots or branches near the ground, proper'. 

 situated for la erin £ Layi \g. 



Trees and shrubs for th s purp 

 rally headed down lo the bottom in (he uu 

 3 L 



