STO 



S T O 



8jc.j in order to force out more effectually a 

 plentiful supply of branches near the ground, to 

 afford layers conveniently situated for laying 

 down in the earth, which being layed in autumn, 

 winter, or spring, they strike root in a year or 

 two; each layer commencing a distinct plant, 

 and is planted off into the nursery in autumn 

 following; the stools, remaining, send out a 

 further supply oflowcr shoots the following sum- 

 mer, for laying as before ; and thus the same 

 stools continue affording supplies tit for laying 

 annually, or every other year : for this purpose, 

 some of the strong young trees and shrubsshould 

 be chosen, which should be planted in the nur- 

 sery, Sec, at from five or six, to eight or ten feet 

 distance, according to their size or nature of 

 growth; and after having remained a year or two 

 till firmly rooted, and they have acquired some 

 substance, all those of the tree kind, or such 

 others as run up with stems, without affording 

 lower branches near the ground for laying, 

 should, in the autumn, winter, or early in the 

 spring, be headed down within a few inches of 

 the ground; by which, in the summer following, 

 they push out from the bottom plenty of strong 

 young shoots near the ground for laying, which 

 may heputdown in the succeeding autumn, win- 

 ter, or spring; or, if any remain, till the second 

 autumn, the first shoots sending out many late- 

 ral or side shoots the ensuing summer, which 

 may furnish an additional supply, of a proper 

 growth for laying; these small laterals being 

 often better adapted for rooting than the first 

 vigorous shoots that rise immediately from the 

 stool, and each of which laved will form a new 

 plant. See Laying. 



Every year, soon after the layers are separated 

 from the stools, the latter should be dressed, by 

 cutting off all the parts of old branches and 

 scraggy stumps from the head, within an inch 

 or two of the main stool ; and then digging and 

 levelling the ground neatly about and between 

 the whole, and in the spring and summer giv- 

 ing occasional hoeings in dry weather to destroy 

 weeds : sometimes stools for layers are formed 

 occasionally of trees, Sec, that are considerably 

 grown up, not having been headed down to 

 form low stools, but the branches of which are 

 of considerable height from the ground ; in 

 which case, the branches, if flexible and long 

 enough, are bowed down to the earth ; or, if 

 inflexible aud too stubborn to bend, are plashed, 

 by making a gash or cut on the upper side ; or 

 if too large for plashing, or the nature of the 

 wood does not bear that operation, the tree or 

 shrub is sometimes thrown on its side by open- 

 ing the earth about the roots, loosening or cut- 

 ting those on-one side to admit of lowering the 

 8 



head sufficiently for laying the branches in the 

 ground ; and sometimes, when stools are formed 

 from grown-up trees, whose branches aretoo hi^h 

 for layjng in the full ground, a temporary sta»e 

 or scaffold is erected,, on which the pots or tubs 

 of earth are placed for the reception of the layers. 

 See Laying. 



STOVE, a sort of garden-building or erec- 

 tion constructed with brick-work behind and 

 on the north, as well as partly in front, and 

 roofed wholly with glass sashes to the south, being 

 furnished internally with a pit, or long, wide, 

 deep cavity, for a hark hot-bed or beds, and 

 with flues round the inside of the walls for lire- 

 heat; the whole calculated to produce a certain 

 temperature at all seasons, adapted to the cul- 

 ture of the tenderest exotic plants, as well as 

 for forcing variouskinds, both hardy and tender, 

 into flower and fruit, Sec, at an early season ; 

 and which was so named before the use of bark- 

 beds, from being worked only by means of lire- 

 heat. See Hot-House. 



Besides their nsc in the growth and preserva- 

 tion of various tender exotic plants as just no- 

 ticed, by their means the gardener is also en- 

 abled to forward many hardy plants to early 

 perfection ; such as various sorts of curious 

 flowers, fruits, salad-herbs, kidney beans, straw- 

 berries, Sec, probably one, two, or three months 

 sooner than they could possibly be obtained in the 

 open ground ; and likewise many sorts of seeds, 

 cuttinsrs, and layers of exotics are made to grow 

 freely in the bark-bed of the stove, that without 

 such aid would not grow at all in this country ; 

 also cuttings, Sec, of many curious hardy plants 

 that root reluctantly in the full ground, are fa- 

 cilitated considerably in their rooting by the 

 bark-bed of this department. 



Different sorts of stoves are used occasionally 

 for different purposes; as the Bark Stove, for 

 common use, which has both a bark-bed aud 

 flues: the Dry Stove, for particular succulent 

 plants, Sec, which is furnished only with flues 

 for fire-heat, having no bark-bed : the Forcing 

 Stove, which is employed purposely for forcing 

 hardy fruits, flowers, Sec, into early perfection ; 

 beine constructed both with bark-bed and flues, 

 or only with flues. 



By the uniform moderate moist growing heat 

 in the first sort of stove, many kinds of such 

 plants as have been mentioned are brought for- 

 ward and preserved, and in which, some require 

 the bark-bed, others succeed in any part of the 

 house; and still others, as the succulents, require 

 the driest situation near the flues : many of the 

 more tender, herbaceous, and shrubby plants 

 succeed best when plunged in the bark-bed, 

 though the greater part of the herbaceous and 





